Table 1 Recent studies on the treatment of PD model by INA of stem cells
From: Advances in intranasal application of stem cells in the treatment of central nervous system diseases
Authors | Year | Animal models | Cell types | No. of cells per animal | Markers | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Danielyan et al. [56] | 2011 | Unilateral 6-OHDA rat model | MSCs | 1 × 106 | EGFP | MSCs survived for at least 4.5 months and began to proliferate. TH levels in damaged-side substantia nigra and motor symptoms were improved. |
Bossolasco et al. [61] | 2012 | Bilateral 6-OHDA rat model | hMSCs | 2 × 106 | NIR815 | Strong near infrared signals observed in the olfactory epithelium 10 min after INA, which moved inside the nose within 30 min and disappeared after 1 h. No signal in coronal section of the brain. |
Danielyan et al. [62] | 2014 | (Thy1)-h [A30P] αS mice | BM-MSCs | 1 × 106 | EGFP | EGFP-expressing MSCs detected in olfactory bulb, cortex, amygdala, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem 7 days after INA. Predominant distribution in olfactory bulb and brainstem. |
Salama et al. [63] | 2017 | Rotenone mouse model | MSCs | 5 × 105 | None | At 70 days after INA, striatum TH staining showed the density of TH fibers was protected by MSCs, proving their protective effect on dopaminergic neurons. |
Li et al. [46] | 2017 | MPTP mouse model | BM-NSCs | 3 × 105 | None | At 14–15 days after INA, animals’ behavior improved significantly, and combination therapy with fasudil enhanced this effect. |
Bagheri-Mohammadi et al. [50] | 2019 | Bilateral 6-OHDA mouse model | hEDSCs | 1 × 105, 5 × 105, 1 × 106 | GFP | At 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after INA, animals’ behavior improved significantly, which was most significant in 5 × 105 cells per animal group. The results of TH staining in striatum were improved significantly |
Simon et al. [49] | 2019 | MPTP mouse model | DPSCs | 5 × 105 | PKH26 | At 7 days after INA, labeled cells were observed in the substantia nigra. By week 4, the TH staining of substantia nigra improved significantly. Obvious effect in several behavioral results were shown. |