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Fig. 3 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Natural killer cell therapy for hematologic malignancies: successes, challenges, and the future

Fig. 3

Immune checkpoints. Binding of leukemic cell-secreted galectin-9 at TIM-3, PD-L1 at PD-1, or TIGIT ligand at the TIGIT receptor inhibits NK cell cytotoxicity. Similarly, tumor cell expression of MHC Class 1 molecules leads to NK cell tolerance through interaction with inhibitory KIRs. Blockade of these immune checkpoint pathways reverses NK cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment

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