From: Mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles in therapy against kidney diseases
Model | Animal | In vitro model | Injection | EVs/MVs/EXO of source | Pathway/key substance | Target | Mechanism | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I/R | Rat | TECs | Intravenous administration | huMSC-EVs | VEGF | Â | Pro-angiogenesis | [49] |
Rat | Â | Caudal vein | hWJMSC-MVs | miR-15a/15b/16 | CX3CL1 | Anti-inflammation | [55] | |
Mouse | Â | Capsule injection | BMMSC-Exo | CCR2 | CCL2 | Anti-inflammation | [56] | |
SD rat | TECs | Caudal vein | hWJMSC-EVs | miR-30 | Mitochondria | Anti-apoptosis | [57] | |
SD rat |  |  | MSC-Exo | IL-6, TNF-α, NF-kappa B, IFN -γ;caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 |  | Anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis | [50] | |
Rat | NRK-52E cell | Caudal vein | hWJMSC-EVs | Nrf2 | ARE | Antioxidation | [57] | |
Mouse | TECs | Intravenous administration | hpMSC-EVs | miRNA-200a-3p | Keap1-Nrf2 | Antioxidation | [51] | |
Cisplatin | SCID mouse | TECs | Caudal vein | BMMSC-MVs | Bcl-XL, Bcl2, and BIRC8↑, Casp1, Casp8, and LTA↓ |  | Anti-apoptosis | [58] |
SD rat | NRK-52E cell | Capsule injection | huMSC-Exo | ERK1/2 pathway | Â | Pro-proliferation | [52] | |
C57BL/6 mouse | TECs | Intravenous administration | ADMSC-MVs | miR-141 | Ulk2 | Regulating autophagy | [53] | |
miR-377 | Cul1 | Regulating cell cycle | ||||||
SD rat | NRK-52E cell | Capsule injection | huMSC-Exo |  | ATG5 and ATG7↑ | Pro-autophagy | [59] | |
SD rat | HK-2 | Capsule injection | huMSC-Exo | 14–3-3ζ | ATG16L | Pro-autophagy | ||
CD1 mouse | HEK cell |  | BMMSC-EVs | hsp70↓ | NLRP3 inflammasome↓ | Anti-inflammation | [62] | |
Glycerol | SCID mouse | mTECs | Intravenous administration | BMMSC-EVs | mRNA (CCNB1, CDK8, CDC6) | Â | Regulating cell cycle | [63] |
miRNAs | HGF and IGF-1 | Pro-proliferation | ||||||
SCID mouse | mTECs | Intravenous administration | BMMSC-EVs | miRNAs | Â | Pro-regeneration | [54] | |
CPL | Mouse |  | Caudal vein | huMSC-Exo | miR-146b↑ | IRAK1↓, NF-κB↓ | Anti-inflammation | [64] |
C57/BL6 mouse |  | Caudal vein | ADMSC-Exo | SIRT1 pathway | NF-κB | Anti-inflammation | [65] |