Table 2 Functional pathways of MSC-EVs in DN models
From: Mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles in therapy against kidney diseases
Model | Animal | In vitro model | Injection | EVs/MVs/EXO of source | Pathway/key substance | Target | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STZ | SD rat | HPDCs | Tail vein | hUSC-Exo | miRNA-16-5p | VEGFA podocytes | Anti-apoptosis | [83] |
C57BL/KsJ db/m mouse | MP5 cell | Tail vein | ADMSC-EVs | miRNA-26a-5p | TLR4 | Anti-apoptosis | [84] | |
STZ | Babl/c mouse | HK-2 cell | Tail vein | huMSC–MVs | miRNA-451a | P15 and P19 | Anti-fibrosis | [85] |
STZ | NSG mouse | Â | Tail vein | HLSC/MSC EVs | Serpina1a, FAS ligand, CCL3, TIMP1, MMP3, type I collagen, and Snail | Â | Anti-fibrosis | [86] |
| Â | MPC5 cell | Â | ADMSC-Exo | miRNA-215-5p | ZEB2 | Anti-fibrosis | [87] | |
STZ | Albino rat | Â | Tail vein | BMMSC-Exo | Â | mTOR pathway | Inducing autophagy | [88] |
| Â | MPC5 cell | Â | ADMSC-Exo | miRNA-486 | Smad1/mTOR signalling pathway | Pro-autophagy | [89] |