Fig. 3

Effect of AP on Wnt/β-catenin during proliferation of PL-hMSCs. a Western blot assay showing the expressions of dephosphorylated β-catenin (active), total β-catenin, and β-actin after treatment with AP for 24 h (left panel) and the band intensity of dephosphorylated β-catenin (active)/total β-catenin ratio (normalized with β-actin; right panel). b Luciferase activity assay of β-catenin after treatment with AP for 24 h. The results are expressed as relative luciferase units compared with the cell transfected with β-catenin-FLAG vector with vehicle control. The relative firefly luciferase activity units (RLUs) were then measured and normalized with Renilla luciferase activity. Data are expressed as fold changes compared with pcDNA3.1-transfected cells. c The mRNA expressions of the direct target genes of Wnt/β-catenin including c-Myc, Axin2, Cyclin D1, and Survivin. Each value is the mean ± SEM; (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared to the control group