Fig. 4

Effect of AP on osteogenesis of PL-hMSCs. a Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in PL-hMSCs after culture in osteo-inductive conditions with or without AP (1–10 μM) for 14 days. b Quantitative intracellular ALP activity in PL-hMSCs after culture in osteo-inductive conditions with or without AP (1–10 μM) for 3-21 days. c Matrix mineralization visualized by alizarin red staining after culture in osteo-inductive conditions with or without AP (1–10 μM) for 21 days. d Quantification by released dye of the extracted Alizarin Red S stain was quantified by measuring absorbance at 570 nm. e Osteocalcin concentration in PL-hMSCs after culture in osteo-inductive conditions with or without AP (1–10 μM) for 21 days. Each value shown in b, d, and e represents the mean ± SEM (n = 3). #P < 0.05, the differentiation control group compared to the undifferentiation control group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, the AP-treated group compared to the differentiation control group