Fig. 2

Characterizations of hADMSC-sEVs. a Gross observation: the number of T75 flasks for culturing cells at one time. b The gross visible sEVs precipitate was obtained from a. c NTA measured the size distribution of sEVs. d The ratio of the number of sEVs particles(× 10⁸) to 1 × 10⁶ cells. e The ratio of protein amount (μg) to 1 × 10⁶ cells. f The potential of hADMSC-sEVs was measured by Zeta potential. g Representative transmission electron microscopy image of ADMSC-sEVs with double circular vesicle structures was shown by directional arrow (× 100,000 magnification, scale bar = 200 nm). h Morphological characterization of sEVs with three-dimensional shapes under scanning electron microscopy (× 10,000magnification; scale bar = 10 μm). i Nanoflow analysis of the hADMSC-sEVs’ surface protein marker (CD9 and CD81), and IgG as positive controls