Fig. 5

HuMSC-exo with inhibited PINK1 could not reverse sepsis-induced _mCa²⁺ efflux obstruction or mitochondrial damage. a, d _mCa²⁺ uptake and efflux in isolated permeabilized ACMs; dig.: digitonin, thaps.: thapsigargin, Ru360: MCU inhibitor, CGP: NCLX inhibitor; the box shows a magnified _mCa²⁺ efflux tracing (260 s–360 s); R indicates the ratio of the ratiometric reporter Fura-2 (340/380 nm excitation and 510 nm emission). R/R₀ indicates the ratio at each time point over the ratio at time 0. e _mCa²⁺ efflux rate, n = 3 replicates per group, *p < 0.05. f Mitochondrial architecture observed with TEM after treatment with siRNA-transfected huMSC-exo, imaged at a × 10,000 magnification (scale bars, 2 μm), and the box in the image is a local magnification