Fig. 2
Effects of DEX on osteogenic differentiation in MEFs. a ALP staining demonstrated the effect of different concentrations of DEX on BMP9-induced ALP activities in MEFs after 5 and 7 days. b Quantification of ALP staining demonstrated the effect of different concentrations of DEX on BMP9-induced ALP activities in MEFs after 5 and 7 days, *p < 0.05 vs BMP9 + DMSO, **p < 0.01 vs BMP9 + DMSO. c Microscopic view of ALP staining showed the effect of different concentrations of DEX on BMP9-induced ALP activities in MEFs after 5 and 7 days. d Western blot results showed the effect of different concentrations of DEX on BMP9-induced osteogenic markers. e Quantification of western blot demonstrated the effect of different concentrations of DEX on BMP9-induced osteogenic marker ALP, RUNX2, and OPN, *p < 0.05 vs BMP9 + DMSO, **p < 0.01 vs BMP9 + DMSO. f Alizarin Red S staining showed the effect of different concentrations of DEX on matrix mineralization in MEFs after 21 days. g Microscopic view of Alizarin Red S staining demonstrated the effect of different concentrations of DEX on BMP9-induced matrix mineralization. h Quantification of matrix mineralization in MEFs, *p < 0.05 vs BMP9 + DMSO, **p < 0.01 vs BMP9 + DMSO. i ALP staining demonstrated the effect of different concentrations of OIM on ALP activities in MEFs after 9 and 11 days. j Quantification of ALP staining showed the effect of different concentrations of OIM on ALP activities, *p < 0.05 vs OIM with 10−9 M DEX, **p < 0.01 vs OIM with 10-9 M DEX. k Alizarin Red S staining demonstrated the effect of different concentrations of OIM on matrix mineralization in MEFs after 14 and 21 days. l Quantification of Alizarin Red S staining showed the effect of different concentrations of OIM on matrix mineralization, *p < 0.05 vs OIM with 10−9 M DEX, **p < 0.01 vs OIM with 10−9 M DEX. GFP, green fluorescent protein; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; DEX, dexamethasone; OPN, osteopontin, DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; OIM, osteogenic inductive medium