Fig. 1
From: Vitamin D3 suppresses intestinal epithelial stemness via ER stress induction in intestinal organoids
Vitamin D3 induces intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) differentiation. Intestinal organoids were treated with various concentrations (10, 50, and 100 nM) of vitamin D3, and the expression levels of specific IEC lineage markers, including mucin 2 (MUC2), lysozyme (LYZ), chromogranin A (CHGA), and villin (VIL) were quantified using qPCR (a). The number of cells in specific IEC lineages were determined using immunofluorescence staining for mucin 2 (goblet cells), lysozyme (Paneth cells), chromogranin A (enteroendocrine cells), and villin (enterocytes) (b). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, *p ≤ 0.05, ***p ≤ 0.0005