Fig. 2

MMVs improved the intestinal barrier function after sepsis. a, b Representative TEM microphotographs of MMVs. The scale bar represents 500nm. c DLS analysis of the diameter distribution of MMVs (n=3). d–h Imaging flow cytometry analysis of MMV markers. d–g were the positive markers for MMVs, and h was the negative marker for MMVs. i, j Representative imaging flow cytometry microphotographs of MMVs. The scale bar represents 500nm. k Effect of MMVs on EB leakage of intestine (n=8). l Effect of MMVs on wet weight to dry weight ratio (n=8). m Effect of MMVs on blood D-lac level (n=8). n Effect of MMVs on blood TNFα level (n=8). o Effect of MMVs on blood Zonulin level (n=8). p Representative microphotographs of HE staining in intestine treated by MMVs. The scale bar represents 100μm. q The relative expression of PCNA in intestine treated by MMVs. β-actin was used as the internal reference (n=5). r Representative microphotographs of the endocytosis of PKH-26-labeled MMVs in intestine. The scale bar represents 100μm. Ctl, normal control group; CLP, sepsis group; CMV, CMV-treated group; MMV, MMV-treated group. **P < 0.01