Fig. 5

iMSC-CdM enhanced energy metabolism and angiogenesis via the ERK pathway. a ATP concentrations were determined in conditioned medium-treated HUVECs with pathway inhibitors as indicated. b Respiratory potential of conditioned medium-treated HUVECs quantified with the Seahorse Metabolic Analyzer. Real-time measurements of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were obtained basally and then after treatment with oligomycin (ATP synthase inhibitor), carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP, electron transport chain accelerator), and rotenone plus antimycin A (electron transport chain inhibitors). c Representative photomicrographs and quantitative analysis of tube formation assay in conditioned medium-treated HUVECs with and without ERK inhibitor U0126. Scale bar = 100 μm. d Representative immunoblot images and quantitative analysis in conditioned medium-treated HUVECs with and without ERK inhibitor U0126. e Expression of pro-angiogenesis factors in conditioned medium-treated HUVECs with and without ERK inhibitor U0126. ns, non-significance, *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001