Fig. 3
Extracellular vesicle (EVs) biogenesis. Exosomes are smaller luminal vesicles (30–100 nm in diameter) crated from late endosomes that are shaped by inward budding of the limited multivesicular body (MVB) membrane; however, microvesicles (MVs) are small membrane vesicles (0.1–1 μm in diameter) secreted from the cell membrane surface. The content, or cargo, of EVs, includes lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, in particular, proteins related to the plasma membrane, cytosol, and those that participated in lipid metabolism