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Fig. 1 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes resolve doxorubicin-induced chemobrain: critical role of their miRNA cargo

Fig. 1

An illustration of the study design showing the timeline of the induction of chemobrain by doxorubicin (DOX) and the treatment with bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) or their exosomes (BMSCs-Exo), and behavioral test schedule. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 20/group) and treated for 4 weeks as follows: The first group served as the control group and received intra-peritoneal (i.p) injection of 0.9% sodium chloride given once weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. Forty-eight hours later, a single intravenous injection of 150 μL of particle-free PBS was given. The second group served as DOX-treated group and received DOX hydrochloride dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride and given once weekly in a dose of 2 mg/kg, i.p. for 4 consecutive weeks. Forty-eight hours later, a single intravenous injection of 150 μL of particle-free PBS was given. The third group received DOX once weekly (2 mg/kg, i.p.) for 4 consecutive weeks followed by a single intravenous injections of (1 × 106) BMSCs per rat that was given 48 h after the last DOX dose. The fourth group was the BMSCs-Exo-treated group and received DOX once weekly (2 mg/kg, i.p.) for 4 consecutive weeks followed by a single dose of 150 μg of exosomal proteins per rat that was given 48 h after last DOX dose. Four rats were treated by labeled PKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker BMSCs, and after 24 h, rats were then anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and sacrificed by cervical dislocation the whole brains were excised. Behavioral testing started 7 days after BMSCs and BMSCs-Exo administration. After 14 days from BMSCs and BMSCs-Exo injection, the four groups were then anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the whole brains were excised, and hippocampi were dissected and weighed

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