Fig. 10

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and their exosomes (BMSCs-Exo) halt astrocytes and microglia activation in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced chemobrain in rats. Representative image reflecting immunohistochemical staining of GFAP “a marker of astrocyte activation” in A the control group showing minimal expression of GFAP in hippocampal region, B DOX-induced chemobrain group showing high expression of GFAP in hippocampal region, C BMSC-treated group showing moderate expression of GFAP, and D BMSCs-Exo-treated group showing moderate expression of GFAP. E A bar plot reflecting quantitative image analysis for GFAP immunohistochemical staining expressed as area percent. Representative image reflecting immunohistochemical staining of IBA-1 “a marker of microglia activation” in F the control group showing minimal expression of IBA-1 in the hippocampal region, G DOX-induced chemobrain group showing high expression of IBA-1 in hippocampal region, H BMSC-treated group showing moderate expression of IBA-1, and I BMSCs-Exo-treated group showing moderate expression of IBA-1. J A bar plot reflecting quantitative image analysis for IBA-1 immunohistochemical staining expressed as area percent. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 4). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test as post hoc test. ^a Significantly different from the control group at p < 0.05. ^b Significantly different from the DOX group at p < 0.05