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Fig. 6 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 6

From: Photoactivation of TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway ameliorates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease model

Fig. 6

Activation of TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signaling by PBMT directs APP/PS1 NSC differentiation into neurons in vitro. a Co-immunoprecipitation with antibody to Smad2/3 and Smad4 in APP/PS1 NSCs, after co-incubation of NAC and SB431542 and LDN193189 (0.5 μM) before PBMT, the Western blotting analysis of the indicated proteins are shown. b Quantification of Smad4 and Smad2/3 relative levels for a (n = 3 per group). c, d Representative images (c) and fluorescence colocalization analysis (d) of co-translocation to the nucleus of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 after PBMT, some groups have added the NAC and SB431542 before PBMT. Scale bar, 5 μm. e Western blotting analysis of nuclear cytoplasmic separation in APP/PS1 NSCs. Total extracts, cytosolic extracts, and nuclear extracts were immunoblotted for p-Smad2/3. Cytosolic and nuclear extracts were immunoblotted for GAPDH and Histone H3 protein to verify complete separation of the cytosolic and nuclear fraction. f Representative images and quantification the interaction of p-Smad2/3 in the chromatin environment of WT NSCs and APP/PS1 NSCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed as described in “Methods.” All quantifications are presented as mean ± SEM and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 versus control group; ##p < 0.01 versus indicated group

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