Fig. 3

CP-MSCs induced M2 polarization of macrophages in SAP rats. To observe the effect of CP-MSCs on macrophage polarization in vivo, all rats were sacrificed 72 h after the first CP-MSC transplantation, liver and pancreas tissues were collected, and then the polarization phenotype of macrophages was detected by immunofluorescence staining. A Representative immunofluorescence staining of the polarized phenotype of macrophages in the pancreas tissue. CD68⁺/iNOS⁺ and CD68⁺/CD86⁺ are considered as M1 macrophages, and CD68⁺/CD163⁺ and CD68⁺/Arg-1⁺ are considered as M2 macrophages. Scale bars, 50 μm. B Percentage of M1 macrophages (iNOS⁺, CD86⁺) and M2 macrophages (CD163⁺, Arg-1⁺) per field in the pancreas. C Representative immunofluorescence staining of the polarized phenotype of macrophages in the liver tissue. Scale bars, 50 μm. D Percentage of M1 macrophages (iNOS⁺, CD86⁺) and M2 macrophages (CD163⁺, Arg-1⁺) per field in the liver tissue. The numbers of immunopositive cells represent the mean ± SEM of at least 5 fields (n = 5). Significance is indicated as follows: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001