Fig. 1

a An inverted microscope micrograph from primary culture of mesenchymal stem cells (black arrow). b Fluorescent microscopic image demonstrating fluorescence of MSCs labeled with GFP 2 weeks after implantation. c Flow cytometry analysis of surface antigens of MSCs (blue is the isotype, green is the detected antigen); CD34 0.7%, CD90 92.5%, and CD105 98.7%. d Osteogenesis differentiation stained with Alizarin red stain and its control. e Adipogenesis differentiation stained with Oil Red O stain and its control. f Chondrogenesis differentiation stained with Alcian blue stain and its control. g CD105 immuno-expression in group VI. h CD105 immuno-expression in group V. i Histogram representing the mean area percentage of CD105 immunoreaction in treated groups (group IV and V). The significant differences against chemo-ablated group indicated by a “*” for p < 0.05 and a “**” for p < 0.01. Data are shown as mean ± S.E.M, n = 7