Table 1 AML target molecules
From: Novel CAR T therapy is a ray of hope in the treatment of seriously ill AML patients
Target antigens | Type of molecule | Role | On normal cells | On HSCs | On LSCs | On AML blasts | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CD7 | Ig superfamily/ Glycoprotein | B and T cell lymphoid development, transmembrane protein | T, NK cells, and myeloid progenitors | No | Yes | Yes | [85] |
CD33 | The protein of the SIGLEC family | Transmembrane receptor | Progenitor, myeloid, and kupffer cells | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
CD38 | Glycoprotein | Cyclic ADP ribose hydroxylase, a transmembrane protein | B, T, NK cells | No | Yes | Yes | |
CD44v6 | Glycoprotein | Transmembrane protein | Keratinocytes | No | Yes | Yes | [90] |
CD70 | Glycoprotein from the TNF family | Transmembrane protein | T and B cell | No | Yes | Yes | |
CD123 | Type I cytokine receptor of IL-3 | IL-3 receptor α subunit | Myeloid progenitors, DC and, basophils | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
FLT3 | Type III cytokine receptor | Tyrosine kinase receptor | Neurons, testis | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
CCL1 | Glycoprotein | Transmembrane receptor | Myeloid, lung, epithelial cells | No | Yes | Yes | |
LeY | Glycosphingolipid (fucosyltransferase) | Blood group Ag | Intestinal epithelial cells | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
FRβ | Folate-binding protein receptor | Folate delivery | Myeloid cells | No | Yes | Yes | [101] |
LILRB4 | Leukocyte Ig-like Receptor-B family | Inhibitory receptor role in immune tolerance | Monocytes | No | Yes | Yes | [102] |
NKG2D | C-type lectin-like receptor protein | Activator receptor | NK, NKT, Tγδ, Th, and CTL | No | Yes | Yes | |
PR1 | Proteinase protein | HLA-presented antigens | Neutrophils | No | No | Yes | [105] |
WT1 | Zinc-finger DNA binding protein | Transcription factor | Kidney endometrium and testis cells | No | No | Yes | [106] |
mLPA | Methyl-lysophosphatidic acid | CD1c-restricted T cell antigen | MO, DC, B and T cells | No | Yes | Yes | 1 |
IDH1(R132) | Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 | Glyoxylate bypass, tricarboxylic acid cycle | Hepatocytes, cytotrophoblasts | Yes | Yes | Yes | 2.3.4 |
IDH2(R140) | Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 | Glyoxylate bypass, tricarboxylic acid cycle | Distal tubular cells, cytotrophoblasts | Yes | Yes | Yes | 5 |
NPM1mut | Nuclophosmin 1 mutant | Biogenesis of ribosomes, Chaperone, Host-virus interaction | Low cell and tissue type specificity | No | Yes | Yes | 6,7 |
NOTCH2 | NOTCH signaling molecule isoform 2 | Developmental processes | Non-lymphoid progenitor cells, Paneth cells | Yes | Yes | Yes | 8 |
MUC1 | Glycoprotein | Protective function cell signaling | Surface of most simple epithelia and Treg cells | Yes | Yes | Yes | 9, 10 |
CD96 | Member of immunoglobulin superfamily | Adhesion of activated T and NK cells | T cells and NK cells | No | Yes | Yes | 11 |
PRL3 | Protein tyrosine phosphatase type Iva member 3 | Reinforcing PI3K/Akt activation | Cardiomyocyte, neutrophil, non-classical monocyte | Yes | Yes | Yes | 12, 13 |
IL12RB1 | Interleukin 12 receptor beta 1 | Cytokine signaling | T cells, Kupffer cells, B cells | Yes | Yes | Yes | 11 |