Fig. 2

Engrafted human NPCs differentiate into neurons and further incorporate into host neural network under settings without immunosuppression. A Expressions of pro-neuronal markers (DCX, MAP2, and NeuN), but not of astrocyte marker (GFAP) within 12 weeks post-transplantation. B Retrograde monosynaptic tracing showing that long projection inputs from host neurons to engrafted cells originate from both the ipsilateral neocortex and thalamus. B (a) The co-existing of EGFP and mCherry in the starter human neurons (EGFP+mCherry+); B (b, c) the traced host neurons with only mCherry labeling (EGFP-mCherry+ (shown in inset), indicated by arrows and arrowhead) in the ipsilateral cortex (B (b)) and the ipsilateral thalamus (B (c)). The cell indicated with the arrowhead is magnified in the inset (upright corner). Scale bar, 50 μm