Fig. 5

Serial changes of LVEF and fluorescent intensity of oxidative stress in LV myocardium by day 60 after DCM induction. A By day 0 prior to DCM induction, analytical result of the LVEF, p> 0.5. B By day 28 after DCM induction, * vs. †, p< 0.0001. C By day 60 after DCM induction, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p< 0.0001. n=8 for each group. D–G Illustrating the immunohistochemical microscopic finding (400×) for evaluation of fluorescent intensity [i.e., 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) stain of myocardium specimen] of oxidative stress in LV myocardium (gray color). Note: the large square box was the result of magnification of small square box for more clearly to show the positively stained 8-OHdG in cardiomyocytes/troponin-I of LV myocardium. H Analytical result of fluorescent intensity of 8-OHdG staining in cardiomyocytes/troponin-I of LV myocardium, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p< 0.0001. Scale bars in the lower right corner represent 20 μm. n=4 for each group. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test. Symbols (*, †, ‡, §) indicate significance (at 0.05 level). LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; DCM = dilated cardiomyopathy; iPS-MSCs = inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells; dOex-mIRs = double overexpression of microRNAs