Fig. 5
Alteration of SF-MSC senescence by a long-term RA-mimetic milieu. a Confirmation of hypoxic culture conditions in E-SF-MSCs by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. 21% O2 or 3% O2 indicate normoxic or hypoxic culture conditions in SF-MSCs, respectively. b Measurement of apoptosis in SF-MSCs with or without a RA joint-mimetic milieu using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining. Cells with Annexin V-/PI-, Annexin V-/PI+ or Annexin V+/PI-, or Annexin V+/PI+ staining were alive, necrotic, or apoptotic, respectively. c The range of TRF lengths (kb) in SF-MSCs with or without induced RA joint-mimetic milieu by Southern blotting. d Comparison of positive β-gal cell populations in SF-MSCs with or without induction of the RA joint-mimetic milieu. The asterisks indicate significant differences. The data represent the mean ± SD. h- or h+ indicate normoxic or hypoxic conditions, respectively; i- or i+ indicate the absence or presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, respectively