Fig. 1

Morphology and multilineage differentiation of MSCs harvested from different tissue. A Representative micrographs of MSCs derived from umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly (UC), dental pulp (PU), and adipose (AD) observed under light microscopy. The MSCs appeared fibroblast-shaped. MSCs were able to differentiate into adipocytes identified by Oil Red O staining, osteocytes by Alizarin Red staining, and chondrocytes by Alcian blue staining. Scale bar = 50 μm. B Growth curves of MSCs and their cell viability. C–E Flow cytometric analysis of the expression of surface markers on MSCs. All three types of MSCs showed high expression of MSC-specific surface markers (CD105, CD73, CD90, or CD44), and low expression of hematopoietic cell marker (CD34), leucocyte marker (CD45), monocyte/macrophage marker (HLA-DR), or immune cell marker (CD31). Representative histograms of 3 independent experiments are shown