Fig. 2

Characterization of the G-ADSC-Exos. The exosomal membrane exhibited a saucer-like structure under the transmission electron microscope (A). The NTA analysis demonstrated that 99.2% of exosomes were 161.7 nm in diameter (B). Western blot (C) and statistical analysis (D) showed that both ADSC-Exos and G-ADSC-Exos expressed exosomal surface markers of CD9, CD63, CD81, and TSG101, and the G-ADSC-Exo expressed a significantly higher level of GLO-1. All experiments above were repeated three times (n = 3). A two-tailed Student’s t-test was performed to compare data between groups. Scale bar = 100 nm. ***P < 0.001. G-ADSC-Exos, G-ADSC-derived exosomes