Fig. 3

Cell proliferation and apoptosis assay of the HUVECs. The CM-Dil labeled G-ADSC-Exos contained red particles localized around the blue-stained nucleus within the green-stained cytoskeleton of the HUVECs under the fluorescence microscope (A). The CCK-8 analysis indicated that the most effective therapeutic concentration of the G-ADSC-Exos was 100 μg/mL (B). The G-ADSC-Exo group showed a significantly higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio than both ADSC-Exo and control groups (C, D). The G-ADSC-Exo group showed a significantly lower apoptotic percentage than both ADSC-Exo and control groups by flow cytometry analysis with a sample size of 10,000 cells with 3 biological replicates (E, F). All experiments above were repeated three times (n = 3). The one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare data between groups. Scale bar = 20 μm; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. G-ADSC-Exos, G-ADSC-derived exosomes