Fig. 7

Detection of signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo and the ROS production in the HUVECs. Western blot indicated an elevation in the phosphorylation of eNOS/AKT/ERK/P-38 in the G-ADSC-Exo group than the ADSC-Exo and PBS group in vitro and in vivo, while the G-ADSC-Exo group showed significantly lower expression of AP-1, ASC, Caspase-1, NLRP3, and IL-1β than the ADSC-Exo and control group both in vitro and in vivo (A, B, E, F). The G-ADSC-Exo-treated HUVECs demonstrated a significantly lower fluorescence intensity than both ADSC-Exo and control groups under high-glucose conditions (C, D). All experiments above were repeated three times (n = 3). The one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare data between groups. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; scale bar = 50 μm; G-ADSC-Exos, G-ADSC-derived exosomes