Fig. 4

Photoactivation directly improves cellular insulin resistance. A Effects of 30 min of light treatment on glucose uptake in ND-ASCs or HFD-ASCs. Cells were stimulated with 100 nM insulin for 20 min as a positive control. *p < 0.05 vs. non-light-treated ND-ASCs; **p < 0.05 vs. non-light-treated ND-ASCs; and ^#p < 0.05 vs. non-light-treated HFD-ASCs. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent treatments). RLU, relative luminescence units. B ND-ASCs were cultured, and light treatment in the stimulation with insulin (50 Mm) for 30 min as indicated. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blotting to detect phosphorylated and total AKT. All graphs correspond to the blots above them and represent densitometric analyses of 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 vs. non-light-treated; ^#p < 0.05 vs. non-light-treated; and ^##p < 0.05 vs. light-treated. C, D Levels of FFA and glycerol in cultured ND-ASCs supernatant were measured after 30 min of light treatment. *P < 0.05 vs. non-light-treated