Fig. 1

Characteristics of the animal model. A Synopsis of the experiment. Rats were subjected to controlled pressure hemorrhage for 90 min. After 1.5 h of shock (T0H), the hemorrhagic rats were resuscitated with a lactate ringer infusion (with or without MSC treatment) followed by re-transfusion of spoliated blood. At T6H, the animals were sacrificed and the samples collected. B Mean blood pressure over time in sham, untreated hemorrhagic (HS) and hemorrhagic treated with MSCn and MSCp groups of animals, during the phase of hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation, and re-transfusion followed by SEM (n = 10, 14, 10, and 12 in sham, HS, MSCn, and MSCp groups respectively). The 3 phases of the protocol were analyzed separately by non-parametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments (F1-LD-F1) follow by a pair comparison test, ^####p < 0.001. C Individual curve of tissue oxygen tension (tPO₂) in the renal cortex during hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation and re-transfusion in an untreated HS rat. D Kaplan-Meier survival curve after 90 min of bleeding at 35 ± 2 mmHg were analyzed through stat Log-rank ^###p < 0.005 (n = 10, 19, 15, and 16 in sham, HS, MSCn, and MSCp groups respectively)