Translational models of 3-D organoids and cancer stem cells in gastric cancer research

Table 1 Comparison of gastric stem cells

	Antrum (Human) [Ref. 3, 5]	Isthmus (Mouse) [Ref. 4]	Corpus/Fundus (Human) [Ref. 3, 5]
Location of cells	Isthmus, Gland base	Isthmus	Isthmus, Gland base, Chief cells
Differentiation	Expand bidirectionally for isthmus	At gland base stem cells migrate upward from the basal zone	Migrate into two independent zones; Slow-cycling stem cells in the base and active-cycling cells to the pit-isthmus-neck region
Markers	(Isthmus) Lrig1, Bmi1 (Gland base) LGR5, SOX2, CCK2R, CR1, AXIN2, AQP5	(Isthmus) Rapid cycling isthmus stem cells: Stmn1, Ki67 (Neck) weak Muc6 (Pit) weak Muc5ac (Base) Troy or Lgr5	(Isthmus) TFF2mRNA,MIST1, eR1, LRIG1, BMI1 (Gland base) SOX2, TFF2, LRIG1, TROY⁺-Chief cells
Offspring	Surface mucous cells, Mucous gland cells, G cells, Tuft cells	Rapid cycling Isthmus Stem cells -Muc5ac, Muc6	Surface mucous cells, Mucous neck cells, Parietal cells, ECL cells
Niche factors	Wnt, Notch, Gastrin, Ach, EGF, FGF10	A process of punctuated neutral drift dynamics	WNT, BMPs, SHH, EGF, FGF10

Human antrum and corpus/fundus stem cells were characterized by the location, markers and differentiation potency through niche factors as described in ref. 3. Mouse isthmus stem cells were reported recently to commit the rapid cycling stem cells expressing Stmn1 and Ki67 [4]

ISSN: 1757-6512