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Fig. 1 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy and exosomes in COVID-19: current trends and prospects

Fig. 1

The immunomodulatory role of MSCs in COVID-19. Schematic showing the cytokine storm produced as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection with clarification of the immunomodulatory role of the administrated MSCs in the inflamed lung tissue. The cytokine storm is formed via inflammatory signaling and cytokines and chemokines recruitment. Also, macrophages, dendritic cells and monocytes are activated, leading to severe inflammation, and tissue dysfunction. After MSCs administration, MSCs migrate to the affected tissue and significant secretions of immunomodulatory biomolecules, and cytokines are observed. MSCs can be employed to reduce the produced inflammation via contact-dependent process and paracrine factors’ secretion

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