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Fig. 1 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: The cross talk between gastric cancer stem cells and the immune microenvironment: a tumor-promoting factor

Fig. 1

Antigen-presenting cells in gastric cancer immunoregulation. CSC, cancer stem cell; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; M2, TAM type M2; Neu, neutrophil; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; MIP-2, macrophage inflammatory protein-2; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; 5′TP RNA, 5′-Triphosphate RNA. TAM-M2 and neutrophils promote the EMT phenotype in GC. CSCs in turn recruit pro-inflammatory neutrophils from the bone marrow, through an exosome-mediated mechanism. Cancer cells stimulate differentiation of mesenchymal cells towards CAFs, which favor stemness characteristics and metastasis, through the action of non-coding RNA-containing exosomes

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