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Fig. 1 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Neural stem cells derived from primitive mesenchymal stem cells reversed disease symptoms and promoted neurogenesis in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis

Fig. 1

Characterization of NSCs and ODCs derived from primitive MSCs. a Phase-contrast images of the primitive MSCs, NSCs, and ODCs. Scale bars represent 100 μm (magnification: 4 ×). b, c Histograms and graphical representation of the expression of MSC markers as determined by flow cytometry, respectively. Expression of MSC markers, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105, was significantly reduced in NSCs (**p ≤ 0.01). d, e Expression of neural and neurotrophic genes, respectively, as determined by qRT‐PCR. NSCs expressed neural markers, NESTIN, TUJ1, VIMENTIN, and PAX6. NSCs also expressed neurotrophic factors, CNTF, BMP2, PDGF, BDNF, GDNF, IGF, EGF, and FGF at higher levels. f Expression of neural proteins as determined by immunocytostaining. Shown are merged images of DAPI (blue) and human antibodies (green and red). NSCs had significantly higher expression of neural proteins, NESTIN, TUJ1, VIMENTIN, and PAX6, than MSCs. g Quantification of fluorescent intensity of immunocytostained proteins (**p ≤ 0.01). h, i Western blot and quantitative analysis of normalized neural protein expression using ImageJ software, respectively (**p ≤ 0.01). All proteins were normalized to GAPDH expression. MSCs expressed low levels of NESTIN and VIMENTIN, but not TUJ1, whereas NSCs had a significantly high level of expression of these markers. j Percentage of immunocytostained cells positive for NESTIN, TUJ1, VIMENTIN, and PAX6 (**p ≤ 0.01). k Expression of genes, OLIG2, SOX10, O4, MBP, and MOG, in ODCs as determined by qRT‐PCR. l Expression of proteins, OLIG2, SOX10, O4, MBP, and MOG in ODCs, as determined by immunocytostaining. Shown are merged images of DAPI (blue) and human antibodies (green and red). m Quantification of fluorescent intensity of immunocytostained proteins (**p ≤ 0.01). Fold gene expression (in d, e, k) was normalized to GAPDH and β-ACTIN, and error bars represent the SEM of triplicate experiments (**p ≤ 0.01). All scale bars (f, l) represent 50 μm (magnification: 40 ×)

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