miRNA | Retina expression patterns | Sample | miRNA sequence, miRBase accession number | Effect | Retina ref | EV ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-204 | RPE, amacrine cells, INL, ONL, GCL (adult), Müller glia, mature retina | Human, mouse, medaka fish, zebrafish, rat | > hsa-miR-204-5p MIMAT0000265: UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGCCU > mmu-miR-204-5p MIMAT0000237: UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGCCU > ola-miR-204 MIMAT0022589: UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGC > dre-miR-204-5p MIMAT0001279 UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGCCU > rno-miR-204-5p MIMAT0000877 UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGCCU > hsa-miR-204-3p MIMAT0022693: GCUGGGAAGGCAAAGGGACGU > mmu-miR-204-3p MIMAT0017002: GCUGGGAAGGCAAAGGGACGU > dre-miR-204-3p MIMAT0031924 GGCUGGGAAGUCAAAGGGACGC > rno-miR-204-3p MIMAT0004739 GCUGGGAAGGCAAAGGGACGUU | Differentiation and death of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). Retinal development. RPE differentiation. Play an important role in the differentiation and function of RPE and retina. Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia. Expressed in the developing retina during rod photoreceptor differentiation. Inhibition in the medaka fish results gross deficiencies in eye development. Upregulated in light adapted condition. Decreased photoreceptor apoptosis and microglia activation in mouse models of inherited retinal diseases | [166] | |
miR-124 | Adult retina, cone, rod, RPE, ONL, INL except Müller glia, GCL (adult) | ARPE-19, Mouse | > hsa-miR-124-5p MIMAT0004591 CGUGUUCACAGCGGACCUUGAU > mmu-miR-124-5p MIMAT0004527 CGUGUUCACAGCGGACCUUGAU > hsa-miR-124-3p MIMAT0000422 UAAGGCACGCGGUGAAUGCCAA > mmu-miR-124-3p MIMAT0000134 UAAGGCACGCGGUGAAUGCC | Proliferation, differentiation and death of RPCs. Connectivity and plasticity of retinal cells. Controlling the sensitivity of retinal growth cones to the guidance cue Sema3A. Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors. Stimulating the conversion of cultured murine Müller cells into Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGDP). In vitro mouse Müller glia reprogramming into neural progenitors. Survival of cone photoreceptors. Exogenous supplement could be a therapeutic approach for the prevention or treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Participate in retinal cell maturation and Müller glia reprogramming. MGDP differentiation to retinal neurons. Müller glia to retinal neurons reprogramming. Decrease retinal inflammation and photoreceptor cell death and improve retinal function. Its anti-inflammatory properties have an impact as a therapeutic in treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Promoting axon growth of RGCs differentiated from RSCs | ||
miR-124a | All layers except RPE, cone, all differentiated neurons, MGDP | Mouse, zebra fish | > hsa-miR-124-5p MIMAT0004591 CGUGUUCACAGCGGACCUUGAU > mmu-miR-124-5p MIMAT0004527 CGUGUUCACAGCGGACCUUGAU > dre-miR-124-5p MIMAT0031960 CGUGUUCACAGCGGACCUUGAU > hsa-miR-124-3p MIMAT0000422 UAAGGCACGCGGUGAAUGCCAA > mmu-miR-124-3p MIMAT0000134 UAAGGCACGCGGUGAAUGCC > dre-miR-124-3p MIMAT0001819 UAAGGCACGCGGUGAAUGCCAA | Controlling the maturation and survival of retinal cone photoreceptors. Expressed in all neuronal subtypes of the adult retina. Higher levels of expression in photoreceptor cells. Loss of the dominant source of miR-124a triggered death of cone photoreceptors amid retinal development. Essential for the maturation and survival of retinal cones. Knockout of one of the miR-124a genes (miR-124a-1) results in the apoptosis of newly differentiated cone photoreceptors in mice. In MGDPs committed to early neuronal lineages, upregulated during MGDP acquisition of rod phenotypes | [156] | |
miR-181 | Retina (GCL, INL), inner plexiform layer | Mouse, zebrafish | – | Retinal axon specification and growth | ||
miR-181a | Cone, amacrine cells, GCL, INL, adult retina | Mouse, zebra fish, medaka fish | > hsa-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0000256 AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU > mmu-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0000210 AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU > dre-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0001623 AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU > ola-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0022586 AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGU > hsa-miR-181a-2-3p MIMAT0004558 ACCACUGACCGUUGACUGUACC > mmu-miR-181a-2-3p MIMAT0005443 ACCACCGACCGUUGACUGUACC > dre-miR-181a-2-3p MIMAT0032007 ACCAUCGACCGUUGACUGUACC > ola-miR-181a-3p MIMAT0022587 ACCAUCGACCGUUGACUGUAC | Control the assembly of visual circuitry by regulating retinal axon specification and growth. Regulate proper neuritogenesis in amacrine cells and RGCs. Expressed in amacrine cells during growth and in adult retinas. Present in both GABAergic and glycinergic amacrine cells | ||
miR-181a-5p | Retina, RPE | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0000256 AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU > mmu-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0000210 AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU > dre-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0001623 AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU > ola-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0022586 AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGU | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | [83] | |
miR-181b | Cone, amacrine cells, GCL, ciliary margin zone (CMZ), INL, mature retina | Mouse, zebra fish, medaka fish, | > hsa-miR-181b-5p MIMAT0000257 AACAUUCAUUGCUGUCGGUGGGU > mmu-miR-181b-5p MIMAT0000673 AACAUUCAUUGCUGUCGGUGGGUU > dre-miR-181b-5p MIMAT0001270 AACAUUCAUUGCUGUCGGUGGG > ola-miR-181b-5p MIMAT0022540 AACAUUCAUUGCUGUCGGUGGGUU > hsa-miR-181b-3p MIMAT0022692 CUCACUGAACAAUGAAUGCAA > mmu-miR-181b-1-3p MIMAT0017067 CUCACUGAACAAUGAAUGCAA > dre-miR-181b-3-3p MIMAT0048656 CUCACUGAACAAUGAAUGCAA > ola-miR-181b-3p MIMAT0022541 CUCACUGAACGAUGAAUGCA | Control the assembly of visual circuitry by regulating retinal axon specification and growth. Takes part in the specification of later RPCs and mature retinal neurons. Regulate proper neuritogenesis in amacrine cells and RGCs | [161] | |
miR-181c | RPE, amacrine cells, GCL, INL, MGDP | Human, mouse, zebra fish | > hsa-miR-181c-5p MIMAT0000258 AACAUUCAACCUGUCGGUGAGU > mmu-miR-181c-5p MIMAT0000674 AACAUUCAACCUGUCGGUGAGU > dre-miR-181c-5p MIMAT0001852 CACAUUCAUUGCUGUCGGUGGG > hsa-miR-181c-3p MIMAT0004559 AACCAUCGACCGUUGAGUGGAC > mmu-miR-181c-3p MIMAT0017068 ACCAUCGACCGUUGAGUGGACC > dre-miR-181c-3p MIMAT0031980 CUCGCCGGACAAUGAAUGAGAA | Promoting RPE differentiation. Upregulated during MGDP acquisition of rod phenotypes | ||
miR-181d | RPE, GCL, INL | Human, mouse | > hsa-miR-181d-5p MIMAT0002821 AACAUUCAUUGUUGUCGGUGGGU > mmu-miR-181d-5p MIMAT0004324 AACAUUCAUUGUUGUCGGUGGGU > hsa-miR-181d-3p MIMAT0026608 CCACCGGGGGAUGAAUGUCAC > mmu-miR-181d-3p MIMAT0017264 CCCACCGGGGGAUGAAUGUCA | Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation | [161] | |
miR-9 | Müller Glia, strongly expressed in neonatal retina, CMZ maturing cells and mature amacrine cells, RPE, INL, MGDP, developing retina | ARPE-19, mouse, zebrafish | > hsa-miR-9-5p MIMAT0000441 UCUUUGGUUAUCUAGCUGUAUGA > mmu-miR-9-5p MIMAT0000142 UCUUUGGUUAUCUAGCUGUAUGA > dre-miR-9-5p MIMAT0001769 UCUUUGGUUAUCUAGCUGUAUGA > hsa-miR-9-3p MIMAT0000442 AUAAAGCUAGAUAACCGAAAGU > mmu-miR-9-3p MIMAT0000143 AUAAAGCUAGAUAACCGAAAGU > dre-miR-9-3p MIMAT0003156 UAAAGCUAGAUAACCGAAAGU | Stimulating the conversion of cultured murine Müller cells into MGDP cells. Play a significant role in orchestrating progenitor competence. Participates in the specification of later progenitor cells and mature retinal neurons. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia. Müller glia to retinal neurons reprogramming. Rescue the effects of Dicer1 deletion on the Müller glia phenotype. Highly expressed in neonatal retina. Upregulated during MGDP acquisition of rod phenotypes (9*). Overexpression leads to decreased RPC proliferation and increased neuronal and glial differentiation. Regulate the transition between early RPCs and late RPCs. Promoted the differentiation of neuronal cells from RSCs | [66, 90, 94, 95, 99, 101, 103, 107, 108, 111, 116, 123, 183,184,185,186] | [187] |
miR-182 | Rod/cone/bipolar, INL (Not as vigorous as miR-183), GCL, ONL, mature retina | Mouse, Zebrafish | > hsa-miR-182-5p MIMAT0000259 UUUGGCAAUGGUAGAACUCACACU > mmu-miR-182-5p MIMAT0000211 UUUGGCAAUGGUAGAACUCACACCG > dre-miR-182-5p MIMAT0001271 UUUGGCAAUGGUAGAACUCACA > hsa-miR-182-3p MIMAT0000260 UGGUUCUAGACUUGCCAACUA > dre-miR-182-3p MIMAT0001272 UGGUUCUAGACUUGCCAACUA > mmu-miR-182-3p MIMAT0016995 GUGGUUCUAGACUUGCCAACU | May play crucial roles in the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Maintain adult cone photoreceptor outer segments and visual function. Maintaining retinal function. Preservation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and preservation of RGC function. Tetramethylpyrazine protects primary RGCs against H2O2‑induced damage by suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress via the miR‑182/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway | [190] | |
miR-183 | Rod/cone/bipolar, INL (May have peripheral-to-central gradient), GCL, ONL, mature retina | Mouse, zebrafish | > hsa-miR-183-5p MIMAT0000261 UAUGGCACUGGUAGAAUUCACU > mmu-miR-183-5p MIMAT0000212 UAUGGCACUGGUAGAAUUCACU > dre-miR-183-5p MIMAT0001273 UAUGGCACUGGUAGAAUUCACUG > hsa-miR-183-3p MIMAT0004560 GUGAAUUACCGAAGGGCCAUAA > mmu-miR-183-3p MIMAT0004539 GUGAAUUACCGAAGGGCCAUAA > dre-miR-183-3p MIMAT0031921 UGAAUUACCAAAGGGCCAUAA | May play important roles in the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Maintain adult cone photoreceptor outer segments and visual function | [70] | |
miR-96 | Rod/cone/bipolar, INL (Not as robust as miR-183), ONL, mature retina | Mouse, zebrafish | > hsa-miR-96-5p MIMAT0000095 UUUGGCACUAGCACAUUUUUGCU > mmu-miR-96-5p MIMAT0000541 UUUGGCACUAGCACAUUUUUGCU > dre-miR-96-5p MIMAT0001811 UUUGGCACUAGCACAUUUUUGCU > hsa-miR-96-3p MIMAT0004510 AAUCAUGUGCAGUGCCAAUAUG > mmu-miR-96-3p MIMAT0017021 CAAUCAUGUGUAGUGCCAAUAU > dre-miR-96-3p MIMAT0031956 CAAUUAUGUGUAGUGCCAAUAU | May play crucial roles in the photoreceptors and bipolar cells | [191] | |
miR-125b | CMZ, INL, GCL, developing retina | ARPE-19, in vitro hESC, mouse, zebrafish, Rat, | > hsa-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0000423 UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA > mmu-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0000136 UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA > rno-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0000830 UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA > dre-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0001821 UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA > hsa-miR-125b-2-3p MIMAT0004603 UCACAAGUCAGGCUCUUGGGAC > mmu-miR-125b-2-3p MIMAT0004529 ACAAGUCAGGUUCUUGGGACCU > rno-miR-125b-2-3p MIMAT0026467 ACAAGUCAGGCUCUUGGGACCU > dre-miR-125b-2-3p MIMAT0031964 CGGGUUGGGUUCUCGGGAGCU > hsa-miR-125b-1-3p MIMAT0004592 ACGGGUUAGGCUCUUGGGAGCU > mmu-miR-125b-1-3p MIMAT0004669 ACGGGUUAGGCUCUUGGGAGCU > rno-miR-125b-1-3p MIMAT0004730 ACGGGUUAGGCUCUUGGGAGCU > dre-miR-125b-1-3p MIMAT0031963 ACGGGUUAGGUUCUUGGGAGCU | Play a significant role in orchestrating progenitor competence. Regulate cell growth, differentiation or development. Important functions during human RPE cell differentiation | ||
miR-125b-5p | Retina, Müller glia | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0000423 UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA > mmu-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0000136 UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA | Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia. hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
miR-26 | Rod | Mouse | > hsa-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000082 UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU > mmu-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000533 UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU > hsa-miR-26a-1-3p MIMAT0004499 CCUAUUCUUGGUUACUUGCACG > mmu-miR-26a-1-3p MIMAT0017020 CCUAUUCUUGGUUACUUGCACG > hsa-miR-26b-5p MIMAT0000083 UUCAAGUAAUUCAGGAUAGGU > mmu-miR-26b-5p MIMAT0000534 UUCAAGUAAUUCAGGAUAGGU > hsa-miR-26b-3p MIMAT0004500 CCUGUUCUCCAUUACUUGGCU > mmu-miR-26b-3p MIMAT0004630 CCUGUUCUCCAUUACUUGGCUC | Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors | [193] | |
miR-26a | RPE, Cone, Retina | Human, mouse | > hsa-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000082 UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU > mmu-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000533 UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU > hsa-miR-26a-2-3p MIMAT0004681 CCUAUUCUUGAUUACUUGUUUC > mmu-miR-26a-2-3p MIMAT0017058 CCUGUUCUUGAUUACUUGUUUC > hsa-miR-26a-1-3p MIMAT0004499 CCUAUUCUUGGUUACUUGCACG > mmu-miR-26a-1-3p MIMAT0017020 CCUAUUCUUGGUUACUUGCACG | Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation | [154] | |
miR-26a-5p | Retina, RPE | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000082 UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU > mmu-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000533 UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
miR-30 | Rod | Mouse | > hsa-miR-30a-5p MIMAT0000087 UGUAAACAUCCUCGACUGGAAG > mmu-miR-30a-5p MIMAT0000128 UGUAAACAUCCUCGACUGGAAG > hsa-miR-30a-3p MIMAT0000088 CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC > mmu-miR-30a-3p MIMAT0000129 CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC > hsa-miR-30e-5p MIMAT0000692 UGUAAACAUCCUUGACUGGAAG > mmu-miR-30e-5p MIMAT0000248 UGUAAACAUCCUUGACUGGAAG > hsa-miR-30e-3p MIMAT0000693 CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUACAGC > mmu-miR-30e-3p MIMAT0000249 CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUACAGC > hsa-miR-30c-5p MIMAT0000244 UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCUCAGC > mmu-miR-30c-5p MIMAT0000514 UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCUCAGC > mmu-miR-30c-5p MIMAT0000514 UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCUCAGC > hsa-miR-30c-2-3p MIMAT0004550 CUGGGAGAAGGCUGUUUACUCU > mmu-miR-30c-2-3p MIMAT0005438 CUGGGAGAAGGCUGUUUACUCU > mmu-miR-30c-1-3p MIMAT0004616 CUGGGAGAGGGUUGUUUACUCC > hsa-miR-30d-5p MIMAT0000245 UGUAAACAUCCCCGACUGGAAG > mmu-miR-30d-5p MIMAT0000515 UGUAAACAUCCCCGACUGGAAG > hsa-miR-30d-3p MIMAT0004551 CUUUCAGUCAGAUGUUUGCUGC > mmu-miR-30d-3p MIMAT0017011 CUUUCAGUCAGAUGUUUGCUGC > hsa-miR-30b-5p MIMAT0000420 UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU > mmu-miR-30b-5p MIMAT0000130 UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU > hsa-miR-30b-3p MIMAT0004589 CUGGGAGGUGGAUGUUUACUUC > mmu-miR-30b-3p MIMAT0004524 CUGGGAUGUGGAUGUUUACGUC > mmu-miR-30f MIMAT0025179 GUAAACAUCCGACUGAAAGCUC | Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors. Preservation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and preservation of RGC function | ||
miR-30a | GCL, INL | Mouse | > hsa-miR-30a-5p MIMAT0000087 UGUAAACAUCCUCGACUGGAAG > mmu-miR-30a-5p MIMAT0000128 UGUAAACAUCCUCGACUGGAAG > hsa-miR-30a-3p MIMAT0000088 CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC > mmu-miR-30a-3p MIMAT0000129 CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC | ND | [158] | |
miR-30b | RGC, GCL, INL, RPE | In vitro hESC, mouse, rat | > hsa-miR-30b-5p MIMAT0000420 UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU > mmu-miR-30b-5p MIMAT0000130 UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU > rno-miR-30b-5p MIMAT0000806 UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU > hsa-miR-30b-3p MIMAT0004589 CUGGGAGGUGGAUGUUUACUUC > mmu-miR-30b-3p MIMAT0004524 CUGGGAUGUGGAUGUUUACGUC > rno-miR-30b-3p MIMAT0004721 CUGGGAUGUGGAUGUUUACGUC | Upregulated in dark adaptation. Promotes axon outgrowth of RGCs. hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
miR-126 | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-126-5p MIMAT0000444 CAUUAUUACUUUUGGUACGCG > mmu-miR-126a-5p MIMAT0000137 CAUUAUUACUUUUGGUACGCG > hsa-miR-126-3p MIMAT0000445 UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG > mmu-miR-126a-3p MIMAT0000138 UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG | Upregulated in dark adaptation. Vascularization of the retina was severely impaired in mice that survived the miR-126 deletion. Required for the development of different retinal vascular layers. miR-126-5p is expressed in endothelial cells but also by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of the mouse postnatal retina and takes part in protecting endothelial cells from apoptosis during the development of the retinal vasculature. Survival of Müller cells in a mouse model using vimentin fluorescence staining. A potential therapeutic agent to keep the stability of the Blood Retina Barrier (BRB) in ischemic retinopathy. Reduces hyperglycemia-induced retinal inflammation by downregulating the HMGB1 signaling pathway | ||
miR-126-3p | RPE | Human, mouse | > hsa-miR-126-3p MIMAT0000445 UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG > mmu-miR-126a-3p MIMAT0000138 UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG > mmu-miR-126b-3p MIMAT0029895 CGCGUACCAAAAGUAAUAAUGUG | Repress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) expression in RPE cells | ||
miR-107 | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-107 MIMAT0000104 AGCAGCAUUGUACAGGGCUAUCA > mmu-miR-107-3p MIMAT0000647 AGCAGCAUUGUACAGGGCUAUCA | Upregulated in dark adaptation | [90] | [154] |
miR-103 | Developing retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-103a-2-5p MIMAT0009196 AGCUUCUUUACAGUGCUGCCUUG > mmu-miR-103–2-5p MIMAT0017025 AGCUUCUUUACAGUGCUGCCUUG > hsa-miR-103a-3p MIMAT0000101 AGCAGCAUUGUACAGGGCUAUGA > mmu-miR-103-3p MIMAT0000546 AGCAGCAUUGUACAGGGCUAUGA > hsa-miR-103a-1-5p MIMAT0037306 GGCUUCUUUACAGUGCUGCCUUG > mmu-miR-103–1-5p MIMAT0017024 GGCUUCUUUACAGUGCUGCCUUG | Upregulated in dark adaptation. Regulates mitotic proliferation | [154] | |
miR-31 | MGDP cells, RPE | Mouse, zebra fish | > hsa-miR-31-5p MIMAT0000089 AGGCAAGAUGCUGGCAUAGCU > mmu-miR-31-5p MIMAT0000538 AGGCAAGAUGCUGGCAUAGCUG > hsa-miR-31-3p MIMAT0004504 UGCUAUGCCAACAUAUUGCCAU > mmu-miR-31-3p MIMAT0004634 UGCUAUGCCAACAUAUUGCCAUC > dre-miR-31 MIMAT0003347 UGGCAAGAUGUUGGCAUAGCUG | Proliferation of MGDP cells. Knockdown reduces INL proliferation at 72 h of constant light. MGDP’s proliferation | ||
Let-7 | INL / GCL, rod | Mouse | – | Differentiation and death of RPCs. Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors. Play a significant role in orchestrating progenitor competence. Participates in retinal cell maturation and Müller glia reprogramming. Influence the neuronal versus glial decision and the final differentiation of Müller glia. Critically involved in Wnt/Lin28-regulated Müller glia proliferation. May link cell proliferation to developmental time and regulate the ongoing cell cycle elongation that takes place during development. Expression maintains the differentiated state of Müller glia cells. Regulate the transition between early RPCs and late RPCs | [152] | |
Let-7a | RPE, retina, developing retina | Human, ARPE-19, in vitro hESC, mouse | > hsa-let-7a-5p MIMAT0000062 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUAGUU > mmu-let-7a-5p MIMAT0000521 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUAGUU > hsa-let-7a-3p MIMAT0004481 CUAUACAAUCUACUGUCUUUC > mmu-let-7a-1-3p MIMAT0004620 CUAUACAAUCUACUGUCUUUCC > hsa-let-7a-2-3p MIMAT0010195 CUGUACAGCCUCCUAGCUUUCC > mmu-let-7a-2-3p MIMAT0017015 CUGUACAGCCUCCUAGCUUUC | Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC Differentiation. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. Müller glia dedifferentiation. Important functions during human RPE cell differentiation | ||
Let-7a-5p | Retina | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-let-7a-5p MIMAT0000062 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUAGUU > mmu-let-7a-5p MIMAT0000521 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUAGUU | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
Let-7b | Retina, CMZ, INL, RPE, developing retina | ARPE-19, mouse, zebrafish | > hsa-let-7b-5p MIMAT0000063 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUGUGGUU > mmu-let-7b-5p MIMAT0000522 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUGUGGUU > dre-let-7b MIMAT0001760 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUGUGGUU > hsa-let-7b-3p MIMAT0004482 CUAUACAACCUACUGCCUUCCC > mmu-let-7b-3p MIMAT0004621 CUAUACAACCUACUGCCUUCCC | Participates in the functions of RSCs or early RPCs. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. RPC differentiation enhancement | ||
Let-7b-5p | RPE | Human | > hsa-let-7b-5p MIMAT0000063 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUGUGGUU > mmu-let-7b-5p MIMAT0000522 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUGUGGUU | ND | [136] | [83] |
Let-7c | RPE, retina | Human, mouse | > hsa-let-7c-5p MIMAT0000064 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUGGUU > mmu-let-7c-5p MIMAT0000523 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUGGUU > hsa-let-7c-3p MIMAT0026472 CUGUACAACCUUCUAGCUUUCC > mmu-let-7c-1-3p MIMAT0004622 CUGUACAACCUUCUAGCUUUCC | Upregulated in RPE during ESC differentiation | ||
Let-7c-5p | Retina | Human | > hsa-let-7c-5p MIMAT0000064 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUGGUU > mmu-let-7c-5p MIMAT0000523 UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUGGUU | ND | [136] | [83] |
Let-7d | INL (amacrine, bipolar), RPE, retina | ARPE-19, mouse | > hsa-let-7d-5p MIMAT0000065 AGAGGUAGUAGGUUGCAUAGUU > mmu-let-7d-5p MIMAT0000383 AGAGGUAGUAGGUUGCAUAGUU > hsa-let-7d-3p MIMAT0004484 CUAUACGACCUGCUGCCUUUCU > mmu-let-7d-3p MIMAT0000384 CUAUACGACCUGCUGCCUUUCU | Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. Plays crucial roles in neural fate specification with foreseeable function in RPC differentiation | [154] | |
Let-7e | GCL, INL, photoreceptors, retina | Mouse | > hsa-let-7e-5p MIMAT0000066 UGAGGUAGGAGGUUGUAUAGUU > mmu-let-7e-5p MIMAT0000524 UGAGGUAGGAGGUUGUAUAGUU > hsa-let-7e-3p MIMAT0004485 CUAUACGGCCUCCUAGCUUUCC > mmu-let-7e-3p MIMAT0017016 CUAUACGGCCUCCUAGCUUUCC | Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
Let-7f | RPE, cone, developing retina | Human, Mouse | > hsa-let-7f-5p MIMAT0000067 UGAGGUAGUAGAUUGUAUAGUU > mmu-let-7f-5p MIMAT0000525 UGAGGUAGUAGAUUGUAUAGUU > hsa-let-7f-1-3p MIMAT0004486 CUAUACAAUCUAUUGCCUUCCC > mmu-let-7f-1-3p MIMAT0004623 CUAUACAAUCUAUUGCCUUCCC > hsa-let-7f-2-3p MIMAT0004487 CUAUACAGUCUACUGUCUUUCC > mmu-let-7f-2-3p MIMAT0017017 CUAUACAGUCUACUGUCUUUC | Upregulated in dark adaptation. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC Differentiation | ||
Let-7f-5p | Retina, RPE | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-let-7f-5p MIMAT0000067 UGAGGUAGUAGAUUGUAUAGUU > mmu-let-7f-5p MIMAT0000525 UGAGGUAGUAGAUUGUAUAGUU | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
Let-7i | RPE, retina | Human, mouse | > hsa-let-7i-5p MIMAT0000415 UGAGGUAGUAGUUUGUGCUGUU > mmu-let-7i-5p MIMAT0000122 UGAGGUAGUAGUUUGUGCUGUU > hsa-let-7i-3p MIMAT0004585 CUGCGCAAGCUACUGCCUUGCU > mmu-let-7i-3p MIMAT0004520 CUGCGCAAGCUACUGCCUUGCU | Upregulated in dark adaptation. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation | ||
miR-23a | RPE, GCL, Müller glia, retina | Human, ARPE-19, in vitro Müller glia, mouse | > hsa-miR-23a-5p MIMAT0004496 GGGGUUCCUGGGGAUGGGAUUU > mmu-miR-23a-5p MIMAT0017019 GGGGUUCCUGGGGAUGGGAUUU > hsa-miR-23a-3p MIMAT0000078 AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUUCC > mmu-miR-23a-3p MIMAT0000532 AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUUCC | Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation. Downregulated in the RPE derived from patients with AMD, manipulation of this miRNA modulated the susceptibility to apoptosis of RPE-derived cell lines. Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia. Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. Müller glia dedifferentiation. miR‐374 can work with miR‐23a to cooperatively regulate the expression of Brn3b, thereby influencing RGC development | ||
miR-23a-3p | RPE, retina | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-23a-3p MIMAT0000078 AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUUCC > mmu-miR-23a-3p MIMAT0000532 AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUUCC | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
miR-106 | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-106a-5p MIMAT0000103 AAAAGUGCUUACAGUGCAGGUAG > mmu-miR-106a-5p MIMAT0000385 CAAAGUGCUAACAGUGCAGGUAG > hsa-miR-106a-3p MIMAT0004517 CUGCAAUGUAAGCACUUCUUAC > mmu-miR-106a-3p MIMAT0017009 ACUGCAGUGCCAGCACUUCUUAC > hsa-miR-106b-5p MIMAT0000680 UAAAGUGCUGACAGUGCAGAU > mmu-miR-106b-5p MIMAT0000386 UAAAGUGCUGACAGUGCAGAU > hsa-miR-106b-3p MIMAT0004672 CCGCACUGUGGGUACUUGCUGC > mmu-miR-106b-3p MIMAT0004582 CCGCACUGUGGGUACUUGCUGC | Key regulators of the neurogenic-to-gliogenic transition in neural progenitor cells | [203] | |
miR-106a | GCL, INL, RPE, developing retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-106a-5p MIMAT0000103 AAAAGUGCUUACAGUGCAGGUAG > mmu-miR-106a-5p MIMAT0000385 CAAAGUGCUAACAGUGCAGGUAG > hsa-miR-106a-3p MIMAT0004517 CUGCAAUGUAAGCACUUCUUAC > mmu-miR-106a-3p MIMAT0017009 ACUGCAGUGCCAGCACUUCUUAC | Regulates mitotic proliferation | [172] | |
miR-143 | Retina, Müller glia | In vitro Müller glia, mouse | > hsa-miR-143-5p MIMAT0004599 GGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGU > mmu-miR-143-5p MIMAT0017006 GGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGG > hsa-miR-143-3p MIMAT0000435 UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUC > mmu-miR-143-3p MIMAT0000247 UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUC | Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. Alleviates retinal neovascularization | ||
miR-142-5p | Retina, RPE | Human | > hsa-miR-142-5p MIMAT0000433 CAUAAAGUAGAAAGCACUACU > mmu-miR-142a-5p MIMAT0000154 CAUAAAGUAGAAAGCACUACU | ND | [136] | [174] |
miR-143-3p | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-143-3p MIMAT0000435 UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUC > mmu-miR-143-3p MIMAT0000247 UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUC | ND | [136] | |
miR-200b | Retina, developing retina, ganglion cell, Müller glia cell, human Müller cell line | Mouse, rat | > hsa-miR-200b-5p MIMAT0004571 CAUCUUACUGGGCAGCAUUGGA > mmu-miR-200b-5p MIMAT0004545 CAUCUUACUGGGCAGCAUUGGA > rno-miR-200b-5p MIMAT0017152 CAUCUUACUGGGCAGCAUUGGA > hsa-miR-200b-3p MIMAT0000318 UAAUACUGCCUGGUAAUGAUGA > mmu-miR-200b-3p MIMAT0000233 UAAUACUGCCUGGUAAUGAUGA > rno-miR-200b-3p MIMAT0000875 UAAUACUGCCUGGUAAUGAUGAC | The regulation of miR-200b in retinal neovascular diseases may prohibit the deviating expression of critical factors associated with pathological angiogenesis. Therapeutic effect on DR | [156] | |
miR-206 | Retina | Human, rat | > hsa-miR-206 MIMAT0000462 UGGAAUGUAAGGAAGUGUGUGG > rno-miR-206-3p MIMAT0000879 UGGAAUGUAAGGAAGUGUGUGG | ND | [90] | |
miR-146a | Müller glia | Human, zebra fish, rat | > hsa-miR-146a-5p MIMAT0000449 UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUGGGUU > rno-miR-146a-5p MIMAT0000852 UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUGGGUU > dre-miR-146a MIMAT0001843 UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUAGAUGG > hsa-miR-146a-3p MIMAT0004608 CCUCUGAAAUUCAGUUCUUCAG > rno-miR-146a-3p MIMAT0017132 ACCUGUGAAGUUCAGUUCUUU | Proliferation of MGDP cells. Play roles in Müller glia dedifferentiation and proliferation, along with neuronal progenitor cell proliferation and migration. Its reduction reduces INL proliferation at 51 h of light treatment. The rhythmicity of miR-146a expression in the diabetic retina may proceed to mediate rhythmicity of the inflammatory response in retinal cells and provide a new approach to regulation of inflammation in DR. A potential therapeutic target for reducing inflammation in retinal microvascular endothelial cells through inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB and TNFα. Differentiation process of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cell (hPESC)-derived RPE cells | ||
miR-146a-5p | RPE | Human | > hsa-miR-146a-5p MIMAT0000449 UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUGGGUU > mmu-miR-146a-5p MIMAT0000158 UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUGGGUU | ND | [136] | [82] |
miR-886 | RPE | Human | > hsa-mir-886 MI0005527 CACUCCUACCCGGGUCGGAGUUAGCUCAAGCGGUUACCUCCUCAUGCCGGACUUUCUAUCUGUCCAUCUCUGUGCUGGGGUUCGAGACCCGCGGGUGCUUACUGACCCUUUUAUGCAAUAA | Differentiation process of hPESC-derived RPE cells | [91] | [152] |
miR-10a | RPE | Human | > hsa-miR-10a-5p MIMAT0000253 UACCCUGUAGAUCCGAAUUUGUG > mmu-miR-10a-5p MIMAT0000648 UACCCUGUAGAUCCGAAUUUGUG > hsa-miR-10a-3p MIMAT0004555 CAAAUUCGUAUCUAGGGGAAUA > mmu-miR-10a-3p MIMAT0004659 CAAAUUCGUAUCUAGGGGAAUA | Differentiation process of hPESC-derived RPE cells | [91] | [193] |
miR-10a-5p | RPE | Human | > hsa-miR-10a-5p MIMAT0000253 UACCCUGUAGAUCCGAAUUUGUG > mmu-miR-10a-5p MIMAT0000648 UACCCUGUAGAUCCGAAUUUGUG | ND | [136] | [82] |
miR-34a | RPE, retina | ARPE-19, in vitro hESC, mouse | > hsa-miR-34a-5p MIMAT0000255 UGGCAGUGUCUUAGCUGGUUGU > mmu-miR-34a-5p MIMAT0000542 UGGCAGUGUCUUAGCUGGUUGU > hsa-miR-34a-3p MIMAT0004557 CAAUCAGCAAGUAUACUGCCCU > mmu-miR-34a-3p MIMAT0017022 AAUCAGCAAGUAUACUGCCCU | Inhibit the proliferation and migration of RPE cells. Modulated the proliferation and migration of cultured RPE cell lines. hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
miR-22 | Rod, RPE, Müller glia, retina | Human, in vitro Müller glia, mouse | > hsa-miR-22-5p MIMAT0004495 AGUUCUUCAGUGGCAAGCUUUA > mmu-miR-22-5p MIMAT0004629 AGUUCUUCAGUGGCAAGCUUUA > hsa-miR-22-3p MIMAT0000077 AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU > mmu-miR-22-3p MIMAT0000531 AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU | Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation. Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia | ||
miR-22-3p | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-22-3p MIMAT0000077 AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU > mmu-miR-22-3p MIMAT0000531 AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU | A suppressive task in RPE damage by targeting NLRP3, which provides novel insights into the upcoming intervention to retinopathy | ||
miR-191 | GCL, INL, ONL, cone, developing retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-191-5p MIMAT0000440 CAACGGAAUCCCAAAAGCAGCUG > mmu-miR-191-5p MIMAT0000221 CAACGGAAUCCCAAAAGCAGCUG > hsa-miR-191-3p MIMAT0001618 GCUGCGCUUGGAUUUCGUCCCC > mmu-miR-191-3p MIMAT0004542 GCUGCACUUGGAUUUCGUUCCC | ND | ||
miR-191-5p | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-191-5p MIMAT0000440 CAACGGAAUCCCAAAAGCAGCUG > mmu-miR-191-5p MIMAT0000221 CAACGGAAUCCCAAAAGCAGCUG | ND | [136] | |
miR-127-3p | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-127-3p MIMAT0000446 UCGGAUCCGUCUGAGCUUGGCU > mmu-miR-127-3p MIMAT0000139 UCGGAUCCGUCUGAGCUUGGCU | ND | [136] | |
miR-27b-3p | Retina, RPE | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-27b-3p MIMAT0000419 UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCUGC > mmu-miR-27b-3p MIMAT0000126 UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCUGC | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
miR-92 | Rod, strongly expressed in neonatal retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-92a-2-5p MIMAT0004508 GGGUGGGGAUUUGUUGCAUUAC > mmu-miR-92a-2-5p MIMAT0004635 AGGUGGGGAUUGGUGGCAUUAC > hsa-miR-92a-3p MIMAT0000092 UAUUGCACUUGUCCCGGCCUGU > mmu-miR-92a-3p MIMAT0000539 UAUUGCACUUGUCCCGGCCUG > hsa-miR-92a-1-5p MIMAT0004507 AGGUUGGGAUCGGUUGCAAUGCU > mmu-miR-92a-1-5p MIMAT0017066 AGGUUGGGAUUUGUCGCAAUGCU > hsa-miR-92b-5p MIMAT0004792 AGGGACGGGACGCGGUGCAGUG > mmu-miR-92b-5p MIMAT0017278 AGGGACGGGACGUGGUGCAGUGUU > hsa-miR-92b-3p MIMAT0003218 UAUUGCACUCGUCCCGGCCUCC > mmu-miR-92b-3p MIMAT0004899 UAUUGCACUCGUCCCGGCCUCC | Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors. Preservation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and preservation of RGC function | ||
miR-92a-3p | Retina | Human, mouse | > hsa-miR-92a-3p MIMAT0000092 UAUUGCACUUGUCCCGGCCUGU > mmu-miR-92a-3p MIMAT0000539 UAUUGCACUUGUCCCGGCCUG | Retinal development | ||
miR-92b-3p | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-92b-3p MIMAT0003218 UAUUGCACUCGUCCCGGCCUCC > mmu-miR-92b-3p MIMAT0004899 UAUUGCACUCGUCCCGGCCUCC | Photoreceptor development and differentiation. RGC development and differentiation | [82] | |
miR-99b | RPE, INL, photoreceptors, developing retina | Human, mouse | > hsa-miR-99b-5p MIMAT0000689 CACCCGUAGAACCGACCUUGCG > mmu-miR-99b-5p MIMAT0000132 CACCCGUAGAACCGACCUUGCG > hsa-miR-99b-3p MIMAT0004678 CAAGCUCGUGUCUGUGGGUCCG > mmu-miR-99b-3p MIMAT0004525 CAAGCUCGUGUCUGUGGGUCCG | Promoting RPE differentiation | [193] | |
miR-99b-5p | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-99b-5p MIMAT0000689 CACCCGUAGAACCGACCUUGCG > mmu-miR-99b-5p MIMAT0000132 CACCCGUAGAACCGACCUUGCG | ND | [136] | [82] |
miR-16 | Retina, RPE, developing retina | ARPE-19, rabbit, mouse | > hsa-miR-16-5p MIMAT0000069 UAGCAGCACGUAAAUAUUGGCG > mmu-miR-16-5p MIMAT0000527 UAGCAGCACGUAAAUAUUGGCG > ocu-miR-16b-5p MIMAT0048107 UAGCAGCACGUAAAUAUUGGCGU > ocu-miR-16a-5p MIMAT0048105 UAGCAGCACGUAAAUACUGGCG > hsa-miR-16–1-3p MIMAT0004489 CCAGUAUUAACUGUGCUGCUGA > mmu-miR-16–1-3p MIMAT0004625 CCAGUAUUGACUGUGCUGCUGA > ocu-miR-16a-3p MIMAT0048106 CCAGUAUUAACUGUGCUGCUGAA > hsa-miR-16–2-3p MIMAT0004518 CCAAUAUUACUGUGCUGCUUUA > mmu-miR-16–2-3p MIMAT0017018 ACCAAUAUUAUUGUGCUGCUUU > ocu-miR-16b-3p MIMAT0048108 ACCAAUAUUAUUGUGCUGCUUUA | Play a role in retinal development. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation. Inhibition of insulin resistance in diabetic retina | ||
miR-16-5p | Retina, RPE | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-16-5p MIMAT0000069 UAGCAGCACGUAAAUAUUGGCG > mmu-miR-16-5p MIMAT0000527 UAGCAGCACGUAAAUAUUGGCG | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
miR-148a | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-148a-5p MIMAT0004549 AAAGUUCUGAGACACUCCGACU > mmu-miR-148a-5p MIMAT0004617 AAAGUUCUGAGACACUCCGACU > hsa-miR-148a-3p MIMAT0000243 UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU > mmu-miR-148a-3p MIMAT0000516 UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU | ND | [193] | |
miR-148a-3p | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-148a-3p MIMAT0000243 UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU > mmu-miR-148a-3p MIMAT0000516 UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU | Moderates high glucose-induced DR by targeting TGFB2 and FGF2 | [83] | |
miR-125a | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-125a-5p MIMAT0000443 UCCCUGAGACCCUUUAACCUGUGA > mmu-miR-125a-5p MIMAT0000135 UCCCUGAGACCCUUUAACCUGUGA > hsa-miR-125a-3p MIMAT0004602 ACAGGUGAGGUUCUUGGGAGCC > mmu-miR-125a-3p MIMAT0004528 ACAGGUGAGGUUCUUGGGAGCC | Regulate the transition between early RPCs and late RPCs | ||
miR-125a-5p | Retina, RPE, developing retina | Human, in vitro hESC, mouse | > hsa-miR-125a-5p MIMAT0000443 UCCCUGAGACCCUUUAACCUGUGA > mmu-miR-125a-5p MIMAT0000135 UCCCUGAGACCCUUUAACCUGUGA | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
miR-100 | RPE, Müller glia, developing retina | Human, mouse | > hsa-miR-100-5p MIMAT0000098 AACCCGUAGAUCCGAACUUGUG > mmu-miR-100-5p MIMAT0000655 AACCCGUAGAUCCGAACUUGUG > hsa-miR-100-3p MIMAT0004512 CAAGCUUGUAUCUAUAGGUAUG > mmu-miR-100-3p MIMAT0017051 ACAAGCUUGUGUCUAUAGGUAU | Promoting RPE differentiation. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation. Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia. Regulates mitotic proliferation | ||
miR-100-5p | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-100-5p MIMAT0000098 AACCCGUAGAUCCGAACUUGUG > mmu-miR-100-5p MIMAT0000655 AACCCGUAGAUCCGAACUUGUG | Upregulated during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into RPE Cell | ||
miR-29 | Neural retina, ONL | Mouse | hsa-miR-29a-5p MIMAT0004503 ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG > mmu-miR-29a-5p MIMAT0004631 ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG > hsa-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000086 UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA > mmu-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000535 UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA > hsa-miR-29b-1-5p MIMAT0004514 GCUGGUUUCAUAUGGUGGUUUAGA > mmu-miR-29b-1-5p MIMAT0004523 GCUGGUUUCAUAUGGUGGUUUA > hsa-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000100 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU > mmu-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000127 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU > hsa-miR-29c-5p MIMAT0004673 UGACCGAUUUCUCCUGGUGUUC > mmu-miR-29c-5p MIMAT0004632 UGACCGAUUUCUCCUGGUGUUC > hsa-miR-29c-3p MIMAT0000681 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCGGUUA > mmu-miR-29c-3p MIMAT0000536 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCGGUUA | ND | [193] | |
miR-29a | RPCs, Müller glia, MGDP, retina | In vivo mouse RPC, in vitro Müller glia, mouse, rat | > hsa-miR-29a-5p MIMAT0004503 ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG > mmu-miR-29a-5p MIMAT0004631 ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG > rno-miR-29a-5p MIMAT0004718 ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG > hsa-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000086 UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA > mmu-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000535 UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA > rno-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000802 UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA | Regulates the proliferation and differentiation of RPCs. Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. Increased in MGDPs. Protect RGCs against oxidative injury | [193] | |
miR-29a-3p | RPE | Human | > hsa-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000086 UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA > mmu-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000535 UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA | ND | [136] | [83] |
miR-29b | RPE, RGC, INL, retina | ARPE-19, mouse, rat | > hsa-miR-29b-1-5p MIMAT0004514 GCUGGUUUCAUAUGGUGGUUUAGA > mmu-miR-29b-1-5p MIMAT0004523 GCUGGUUUCAUAUGGUGGUUUA > rno-miR-29b-1-5p MIMAT0005445 UUUCAUAUGGUGGUUUAGAUUU > hsa-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000100 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU > mmu-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000127 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU > rno-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000801 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU | Regulates TGF-β1-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of RPE cells. Protective effect against the apoptosis of RGCs and cells of the INL | [193] | |
miR-29b-3p | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000100 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU > mmu-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000127 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU | Inhibits cell proliferation and angiogenesis by targeting VEGF-A and PDGFB in retinal microvascular endothelial cells | [83] | |
miR-29c | GCL, INL, photoreceptors, retina | Human, mouse, rat | > hsa-miR-29c-5p MIMAT0004673 UGACCGAUUUCUCCUGGUGUUC > mmu-miR-29c-5p MIMAT0004632 UGACCGAUUUCUCCUGGUGUUC > rno-miR-29c-5p MIMAT0003154 UGACCGAUUUCUCCUGGUGUUC > hsa-miR-29c-3p MIMAT0000681 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCGGUUA > mmu-miR-29c-3p MIMAT0000536 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCGGUUA > rno-miR-29c-3p MIMAT0000803 UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCGGUUA | May influence neurogliogenic decision in the developing retina | [214] | |
miR-151a-3p | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-151a-3p MIMAT0000757 CUAGACUGAAGCUCCUUGAGG | ND | [136] | [82] |
miR-21 | Müller glia, RGC | In vitro Müller glia, in vitro Retinal microvascular endothelial cells isolated from bovine retina | > hsa-miR-21-5p MIMAT0000076 UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA > mmu-miR-21a-5p MIMAT0000530 UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA > bta-miR-21-5p MIMAT0003528 UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGACU > hsa-miR-21-3p MIMAT0004494 CAACACCAGUCGAUGGGCUGU > mmu-miR-21a-3p MIMAT0004628 CAACAGCAGUCGAUGGGCUGUC > bta-miR-21-3p MIMAT0003745 AACAGCAGUCGAUGGGCUGUCU > mmu-miR-21b MIMAT0025121 UAGUUUAUCAGACUGAUAUUUCC > mmu-miR-21c MIMAT0025148 UAGCUUAUCAGACUGGUACAA | Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. Pro-angiogenic role in the retinal microvasculature. Protect RGC-5 cells against oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD-induced) cells injury. Photoreceptor protection | ||
miR-21-5p | Retina, RPE | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-21-5p MIMAT0000076 UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA > mmu-miR-21a-5p MIMAT0000530 UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | ||
miR-101-3p | RPE | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-101-3p MIMAT0000099 UACAGUACUGUGAUAACUGAA | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | [156] | |
miR-146b | Developing retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-146b-5p MIMAT0002809 UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUAGGCUG > mmu-miR-146b-5p MIMAT0003475 UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUAGGCU > hsa-miR-146b-3p MIMAT0004766 GCCCUGUGGACUCAGUUCUGGU > mmu-miR-146b-3p MIMAT0004826 GCCCUAGGGACUCAGUUCUGGU | Regulates mitotic proliferation. Regulatory role of miR-146b-3p in diabetes related retinal inflammation by suppressing adenosine deaminase (ADA2) | [21] | |
miR-146b-5p | RPE | Human | > hsa-miR-146b-5p MIMAT0002809 UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUAGGCUG > mmu-miR-146b-5p MIMAT0003475 UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUAGGCU | ND | [136] | [82] |
miR-486-5p | RPE | Human | > hsa-miR-486-5p MIMAT0002177 UCCUGUACUGAGCUGCCCCGAG > mmu-miR-486a-5p MIMAT0003130 UCCUGUACUGAGCUGCCCCGAG > mmu-miR-486b-5p MIMAT0014943 UCCUGUACUGAGCUGCCCCGAG | ND | [136] | |
miR-23b | RPE, retina | Human, ARPE-19, mouse | > hsa-miR-23b-5p MIMAT0004587 UGGGUUCCUGGCAUGCUGAUUU > mmu-miR-23b-5p MIMAT0016980 GGGUUCCUGGCAUGCUGAUUU > hsa-miR-23b-3p MIMAT0000418 AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUACCAC > mmu-miR-23b-3p MIMAT0000125 AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUACC | Promoting RPE differentiation. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development | ||
miR-23b-3p | RPE | Human, in vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-23b-3p MIMAT0000418 AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUACCAC > mmu-miR-23b-3p MIMAT0000125 AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUACC | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | [178] | |
miR-145 | GCL, INL, RPE, Müller glia, retinal endothelial cells | In vitro human retinal endothelial cells, in vitro Müller glia, mouse | > hsa-miR-145-5p MIMAT0000437 GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAAUCCCU > mmu-miR-145a-5p MIMAT0000157 GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAAUCCCU > mmu-miR-145b MIMAT0025105 GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAGACU > hsa-miR-145-3p MIMAT0004601 GGAUUCCUGGAAAUACUGUUCU > mmu-miR-145a-3p MIMAT0004534 AUUCCUGGAAAUACUGUUCUUG | Reduces high glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal endothelial cells. Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. Müller glia dedifferentiation | ||
miR-145-5p | RPE, retina | Human | > hsa-miR-145-5p MIMAT0000437 GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAAUCCCU > mmu-miR-145a-5p MIMAT0000157 GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAAUCCCU | ND | [136] | |
miR-451a | RPE, retina | Human | > hsa-miR-451a MIMAT0001631 AAACCGUUACCAUUACUGAGUU > mmu-miR-451a MIMAT0001632 AAACCGUUACCAUUACUGAGUU | miR-451a/ATF2 plays a critical role in the regulation of proliferation and migration in RPE cells via regulation of mitochondrial function | ||
miR-150 | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-150-5p MIMAT0000451 UCUCCCAACCCUUGUACCAGUG > mmu-miR-150-5p MIMAT0000160 UCUCCCAACCCUUGUACCAGUG > hsa-miR-150-3p MIMAT0004610 CUGGUACAGGCCUGGGGGACAG > mmu-miR-150-3p MIMAT0004535 CUGGUACAGGCCUGGGGGAUAG | Suppression of pathological retinal neovascularization | [151] | |
miR-133b | Retina, amacrine cells | Rat | > hsa-miR-133b MIMAT0000770 UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUA > mmu-miR-133b-3p MIMAT0000769 UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUA > rno-miR-133b-3p MIMAT0003126 UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUA > mmu-miR-133b-5p MIMAT0017083 GCUGGUCAAACGGAACCAAGUC > rno-miR-133b-5p MIMAT0017205 GCUGGUCAAACGGAACCAAGU | Differentiation and death of RPCs. Connectivity and plasticity of retinal cells. Control of the maturation and function of dopaminergic amacrine cells. Plays an important protective role in RGCs apoptosis through MAPK/Erk2 signaling pathway | ||
miR-196a | RPCs | Xenopus laevis | 196a: there is no information about this Xenopus laevis miRNA in miRBase > hsa-miR-196a-5p MIMAT0000226 UAGGUAGUUUCAUGUUGUUGGG > hsa-miR-196a-1-3p MIMAT0037307 CAACAACAUUAAACCACCCGA | Proliferation, differentiation and death of RPCs | [93] | |
miR-222 | RPCs, RPE | Human, Xenopus laevis, rabbit | > hsa-miR-222-5p MIMAT0004569 CUCAGUAGCCAGUGUAGAUCCU > mmu-miR-222-5p MIMAT0017061 CUCAGUAGCCAGUGUAGAUCC > xla-miR-222-5p MIMAT0046544 GCUCAGUAAUCAGUGUAGAUCC > hsa-miR-222-3p MIMAT0000279 AGCUACAUCUGGCUACUGGGU > mmu-miR-222-3p MIMAT0000670 AGCUACAUCUGGCUACUGGGUCU > xla-miR-222-3p MIMAT0046545 AGCUACAUCUGGCUACUGGGUCU | Differentiation and death of RPCs. Highly expressed at early developmental stages in the embryonic retina. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation. Prevent the progression of retinal degeneration | ||
miR-214 | RPCs, RPE, Müller glia | Human, Xenopus laevis, in vitro Müller glia, mouse | > hsa-miR-214-5p MIMAT0004564 UGCCUGUCUACACUUGCUGUGC > mmu-miR-214-5p MIMAT0004664 UGCCUGUCUACACUUGCUGUGC > xla-miR-214-5p MIMAT0046534 GCCUGUCUACACUUGCUGUGC > hsa-miR-214-3p MIMAT0000271 ACAGCAGGCACAGACAGGCAGU > mmu-miR-214-3p MIMAT0000661 ACAGCAGGCACAGACAGGCAGU > xla-miR-214-3p MIMAT0046535 ACAGCAGGCACAGACAGGCAG > hsa-miR-24–2-5p MIMAT0004497 UGCCUACUGAGCUGAAACACAG > mmu-miR-24–1-5p MIMAT0000218 GUGCCUACUGAGCUGAUAUCAGU > xla-miR-24a-5p MIMAT0046550 GUGCCUACUGAACUGAUAUCAGU | Differentiation and death of RPCs. Highly expressed at early developmental stages in the embryonic retina. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation. Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. May act directly to either block pathological neovascularization or prevent hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration | [154] | |
miR-24 | RPE, GCL,INL, retina | Human, ARPE-19, in vitro hESC, mouse, rat | > hsa-miR-24–2-5p MIMAT0004497 UGCCUACUGAGCUGAAACACAG > mmu-miR-24–2-5p MIMAT0005440 GUGCCUACUGAGCUGAAACAGU > hsa-miR-24-3p MIMAT0000080 UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG > mmu-miR-24-3p MIMAT0000219 UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG > hsa-miR-24–1-5p MIMAT0000079 UGCCUACUGAGCUGAUAUCAGU > mmu-miR-24–1-5p MIMAT0000218 GUGCCUACUGAGCUGAUAUCAGU | Promoting RPE differentiation. hESC differentiation into RPE cells. Functions as an important regulator of cell death during retinal development by repressing an apoptotic program. Preserve retina from degeneration in rats by downregulating chitinase-3-like protein 1 | ||
miR-24a | RPCs, RPE | Xenopus laevis, | > hsa-miR-24-3p MIMAT0000080 UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG > mmu-miR-24-3p MIMAT0000219 UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG > xla-miR-24a-3p MIMAT0046551 UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG > xla-miR-24b-3p MIMAT0011146 UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAC | Repression of apoptosis in the developing neural retina. Differentiation and death of RPCs. Inhibition during development makes a reduction in eye size due to a serious increase in apoptosis in the retina, whereas overexpression is adequate to prevent apoptosis. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. Morpholino-induced inhibition in Xenopus leads to apoptosis of RPCs | [193] | |
miR-155 | RPCs, retina | Mouse, Xenopus laevis, zebrafish | > hsa-miR-155-5p MIMAT0000646 UUAAUGCUAAUCGUGAUAGGGGUU > mmu-miR-155-5p MIMAT0000165 UUAAUGCUAAUUGUGAUAGGGGU > dre-miR-155 MIMAT0001851 UUAAUGCUAAUCGUGAUAGGGG > hsa-miR-155-3p MIMAT0004658 CUCCUACAUAUUAGCAUUAACA > mmu-miR-155-3p MIMAT0016993 CUCCUACCUGUUAGCAUUAAC 155: there is no information about this Xenopus laevis miRNA in miRBase | Differentiation and death of RPCs. Highly expressed at early developmental stages in the embryonic retina. Potentially beneficial in retinal neovascularization therapy | ||
miR-210 | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-210-5p MIMAT0026475 AGCCCCUGCCCACCGCACACUG > mmu-miR-210-5p MIMAT0017052 AGCCACUGCCCACCGCACACUG > hsa-miR-210-3p MIMAT0000267 CUGUGCGUGUGACAGCGGCUGA > mmu-miR-210-3p MIMAT0000658 CUGUGCGUGUGACAGCGGCUGA | Function during retinal development | ||
miR-17 | Retina, GCL,INL, developing retina | Mouse, rabbit | > hsa-miR-17-5p MIMAT0000070 CAAAGUGCUUACAGUGCAGGUAG > mmu-miR-17-5p MIMAT0000649 CAAAGUGCUUACAGUGCAGGUAG > ocu-miR-17-5p MIMAT0048109 CAAAGUGCUUACAGUGCAGGUAG > hsa-miR-17-3p MIMAT0000071 ACUGCAGUGAAGGCACUUGUAG > mmu-miR-17-3p MIMAT0000650 ACUGCAGUGAGGGCACUUGUAG > ocu-miR-17-3p MIMAT0048110 ACUGCAGUGAAGGCACUUGUAG | Acts in retinal development. Works as a key regulator of the neurogenic-to-gliogenic transition in neural progenitor cells. Regulates the proliferation and differentiation of RPCs. Regulates mitotic proliferation | ||
miR-410 | Retina, GCL, INL | Mouse | > hsa-miR-410-5p MIMAT0026558 AGGUUGUCUGUGAUGAGUUCG > mmu-miR-410-5p MIMAT0017172 AGGUUGUCUGUGAUGAGUUCG > hsa-miR-410-3p MIMAT0002171 AAUAUAACACAGAUGGCCUGU > mmu-miR-410-3p MIMAT0001091 AAUAUAACACAGAUGGCCUGU | Efficiently downregulate VEGF-A expression. Prevent retinal angiogenesis and effectively treat Retinal Neovascularization | ||
miR-27a | RPE, GCL, INL, retina | Human, in vitro hESC, mouse | > hsa-miR-27a-5p MIMAT0004501 AGGGCUUAGCUGCUUGUGAGCA > mmu-miR-27a-5p MIMAT0004633 AGGGCUUAGCUGCUUGUGAGCA > hsa-miR-27a-3p MIMAT0000084 UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCCGC > mmu-miR-27a-3p MIMAT0000537 UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCCGC | Promoting RPE differentiation. hESC differentiation into RPE cells | [61] | |
miR-18a | Retina, developing retina | Human, rabbit, zebrafish, mouse | > hsa-miR-18a-5p MIMAT0000072 UAAGGUGCAUCUAGUGCAGAUAG > mmu-miR-18a-5p MIMAT0000528 UAAGGUGCAUCUAGUGCAGAUAG > ocu-miR-18a-5p MIMAT0048111 UAAGGUGCAUCUAGUGCAGAUAG > dre-miR-18a MIMAT0001779 UAAGGUGCAUCUAGUGCAGAUA > hsa-miR-18a-3p MIMAT0002891 ACUGCCCUAAGUGCUCCUUCUGG > mmu-miR-18a-3p MIMAT0004626 ACUGCCCUAAGUGCUCCUUCUG > ocu-miR-18a-3p MIMAT0048112 ACUGCCCUAAGUGCUCCUUCUGGC | Sensory perception of light. Rhodopsin-like receptor activity. Regulates NeuroD and photoreceptor differentiation in the Retina. Regulates mitotic proliferation | ||
miR-130b | Retina, developing retina | Rabbit, mouse | > hsa-miR-130b-5p MIMAT0004680 ACUCUUUCCCUGUUGCACUAC > mmu-miR-130b-5p MIMAT0004583 ACUCUUUCCCUGUUGCACUACU > ocu-miR-130b-5p MIMAT0048219 ACUCUUUCCCUGUUGCACUACU > hsa-miR-130b-3p MIMAT0000691 CAGUGCAAUGAUGAAAGGGCAU > mmu-miR-130b-3p MIMAT0000387 CAGUGCAAUGAUGAAAGGGCAU > ocu-miR-130b-3p MIMAT0048220 CAGUGCAAUGAUGAAAGGGCAU | Play a role in retinal development | [193] | |
miR-20a | Retina, RPE, developing retina | In vitro hESC, mouse, rabbit | > hsa-miR-20a-5p MIMAT0000075 UAAAGUGCUUAUAGUGCAGGUAG > mmu-miR-20a-5p MIMAT0000529 UAAAGUGCUUAUAGUGCAGGUAG > ocu-miR-20a-5p MIMAT0048120 UAAAGUGCUUAUAGUGCAGGUAG > hsa-miR-20a-3p MIMAT0004493 ACUGCAUUAUGAGCACUUAAAG > mmu-miR-20a-3p MIMAT0004627 ACUGCAUUACGAGCACUUAAAG > ocu-miR-20a-3p MIMAT0048121 ACUGCAUUAUGAGCACUUAAAGU | Play a role in retinal development. hESC differentiation into RPE cells. Regulates mitotic proliferation | ||
miR-19a | Retina, INL, GCL, RPE, developing retina | In vitro hESC, rabbit, zebrafish, mouse | > hsa-miR-19a-5p MIMAT0004490 AGUUUUGCAUAGUUGCACUACA > mmu-miR-19a-5p MIMAT0004660 UAGUUUUGCAUAGUUGCACUAC > ocu-miR-19a-5p MIMAT0048115 AGUUUUGCAUAGUUGCACUAC > dre-miR-19a-5p MIMAT0003398 CUAGUUUUGCAUAGUUGCACUA > hsa-miR-19a-3p MIMAT0000073 UGUGCAAAUCUAUGCAAAACUGA > mmu-miR-19a-3p MIMAT0000651 UGUGCAAAUCUAUGCAAAACUGA > ocu-miR-19a-3p MIMAT0048116 UGUGCAAAUCUAUGCAAAACUGA > dre-miR-19a-3p MIMAT0001782 UGUGCAAAUCUAUGCAAAACUGA | Play a role in retinal development. Regulates mitotic proliferation. hESC differentiation into RPE cells. Its intravitreal injection advances axon regeneration after optic nerve crush in adult mice, and it increases axon extension in RGCs isolated from aged human donors | ||
miR-93 | Retina, developing retina | Rabbit, mouse | > hsa-miR-93-5p MIMAT0000093 CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG > mmu-miR-93-5p MIMAT0000540 CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG > ocu-miR-93-5p MIMAT0048176 CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG > hsa-miR-93-3p MIMAT0004509 ACUGCUGAGCUAGCACUUCCCG > mmu-miR-93-3p MIMAT0004636 ACUGCUGAGCUAGCACUUCCCG > ocu-miR-93-3p MIMAT0048177 ACUGCUGAGCUAGCACUUCCCGA | Play a role in retinal development. Regulates mitotic proliferation. Overexpression significantly diminished microglial proliferation migration and cytokine release which was associated with a decrease in loss of RGCs | [193] | |
miR-93-5p | RGC | Mouse, rat | > hsa-miR-93-5p MIMAT0000093 CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG > mmu-miR-93-5p MIMAT0000540 CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG > rno-miR-93-5p MIMAT0000817 CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG | Retinal development, (Axon guidance). Upregulation of miR-93-5p binding with PTEN suppressed the autophagy of RGCs through AKT/mTOR pathway in NMDA-induced glaucoma | [83] | |
miR-15b | Retina, GCL, INL, RPE, developing retina | ARPE-19, mouse, rabbit | > hsa-miR-15b-5p MIMAT0000417 UAGCAGCACAUCAUGGUUUACA > mmu-miR-15b-5p MIMAT0000124 UAGCAGCACAUCAUGGUUUACA > ocu-miR-15b-5p MIMAT0048103 UAGCAGCACAUCAUGGUUUACA > hsa-miR-15b-3p MIMAT0004586 CGAAUCAUUAUUUGCUGCUCUA > mmu-miR-15b-3p MIMAT0004521 CGAAUCAUUAUUUGCUGCUCUA > ocu-miR-15b-3p MIMAT0048104 CGAAUCAUAAUUUGCUGCUCUA | Play a role in retinal development. Participates in the inhibition of insulin resistance in diabetic retina. Regulates mitotic proliferation | ||
miR-19b | Retina, developing retina | Mouse, rabbit | > hsa-miR-19b-2-5p MIMAT0004492 AGUUUUGCAGGUUUGCAUUUCA > mmu-miR-19b-2-5p MIMAT0017010 AGUUUUGCAGAUUUGCAGUUCAGC > ocu-miR-19b-2-5p MIMAT0048119 AGUUUUGCAGGUUUGCAUUUC > hsa-miR-19b-3p MIMAT0000074 UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA > mmu-miR-19b-3p MIMAT0000513 UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA > ocu-miR-19b-3p MIMAT0048118 UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA > hsa-miR-19b-1-5p MIMAT0004491 AGUUUUGCAGGUUUGCAUCCAGC > mmu-miR-19b-1-5p MIMAT0017065 AGUUUUGCAGGUUUGCAUCCAGC > ocu-miR-19b-5p MIMAT0048117 AGUUUUGCAGGUUUGCAUCCAGC | Play a role in retinal development. Regulates mitotic proliferation | ||
miR-19b-3p | RPE | In vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-19b-3p MIMAT0000074 UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA > mmu-miR-19b-3p MIMAT0000513 UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | [124] | |
miR-151b | RPE | Human | > hsa-miR-151b MIMAT0010214 UCGAGGAGCUCACAGUCU | Upregulated in RPE during ESC differentiation | [125] | [231] |
miR-25 | MGDP cells, developing retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-25-5p MIMAT0004498 AGGCGGAGACUUGGGCAAUUG > mmu-miR-25-5p MIMAT0017049 AGGCGGAGACUUGGGCAAUUGC > hsa-miR-25-3p MIMAT0000081 CAUUGCACUUGUCUCGGUCUGA > mmu-miR-25-3p MIMAT0000652 CAUUGCACUUGUCUCGGUCUGA | Reprogram mouse Müller glia into neural progenitors in vitro. Regulates mitotic proliferation | ||
miR-132 | RGC, CMZ, INL, GCL, RPE, retina | Mouse, zebrafish | > hsa-miR-132-5p MIMAT0004594 ACCGUGGCUUUCGAUUGUUACU > mmu-miR-132-5p MIMAT0016984 AACCGUGGCUUUCGAUUGUUAC > dre-miR-132-5p MIMAT0003403 ACCGUGGCAUUAGAUUGUUACU > hsa-miR-132-3p MIMAT0000426 UAACAGUCUACAGCCAUGGUCG > mmu-miR-132-3p MIMAT0000144 UAACAGUCUACAGCCAUGGUCG > dre-miR-132-3p MIMAT0001829 UAACAGUCUACAGCCAUGGUCG | Branching of RGC axons | ||
miR-449 | RPE | Zebrafish | 449: there is no information about this zebrafish miRNA in miRBase > hsa-miR-449a MIMAT0001541 UGGCAGUGUAUUGUUAGCUGGU > hsa-miR-449c-5p MIMAT0010251 UAGGCAGUGUAUUGCUAGCGGCUGU > hsa-miR-449c-3p MIMAT0013771 UUGCUAGUUGCACUCCUCUCUGU > hsa-miR-449b-5p MIMAT0003327 AGGCAGUGUAUUGUUAGCUGGC > hsa-miR-449b-3p MIMAT0009203 CAGCCACAACUACCCUGCCACU | Consistently upregulated along with the RPE differentiation | [126] | [174] |
miR-361 | Retina | Human | > hsa-miR-361-5p MIMAT0000703 UUAUCAGAAUCUCCAGGGGUAC > mmu-miR-361-5p MIMAT0000704 UUAUCAGAAUCUCCAGGGGUAC > hsa-miR-361-3p MIMAT0004682 UCCCCCAGGUGUGAUUCUGAUUU > mmu-miR-361-3p MIMAT0017075 UCCCCCAGGUGUGAUUCUGAUUUGU | Overexpression of miR-361-5p might act as a suppressor in retinoblastoma. miR-361-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in the carcinogenesis and progression of retinoblastoma | [154] | |
miR-130a | GCL, INL, RPE, developing retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-130a-5p MIMAT0004593 GCUCUUUUCACAUUGUGCUACU > mmu-miR-130a-5p MIMAT0016983 GCUCUUUUCACAUUGUGCUACU > hsa-miR-130a-3p MIMAT0000425 CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU > mmu-miR-130a-3p MIMAT0000141 CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU | Regulates mitotic proliferation | ||
miR-130a-3p | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-130a-3p MIMAT0000425 CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU > mmu-miR-130a-3p MIMAT0000141 CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU | Retinal development | [133] | [83] |
miR-320 | RPE, developing retina | ARPE-19, mouse | > hsa-miR-320a-5p MIMAT0037311 GCCUUCUCUUCCCGGUUCUUCC > mmu-miR-320-5p MIMAT0017057 GCCUUCUCUUCCCGGUUCUUCC > hsa-miR-320a-3p MIMAT0000510 AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGGCGA > mmu-miR-320-3p MIMAT0000666 AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGGCGA > hsa-miR-320b MIMAT0005792 AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGGCAA > hsa-miR-320d MIMAT0006764 AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGA > hsa-miR-320e MIMAT0015072 AAAGCUGGGUUGAGAAGG > hsa-miR-320c MIMAT0005793 AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGGU | Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development | ||
miR-149 | GCL, INL, RPE | Mouse | > hsa-miR-149-5p MIMAT0000450 UCUGGCUCCGUGUCUUCACUCCC > mmu-miR-149-5p MIMAT0000159 UCUGGCUCCGUGUCUUCACUCCC > hsa-miR-149-3p MIMAT0004609 AGGGAGGGACGGGGGCUGUGC > mmu-miR-149-3p MIMAT0016990 GAGGGAGGGACGGGGGCGGUGC | ND | [101] | [154] |
miR-296-5p | GCL, INL, RPE | Mouse | > hsa-miR-296-5p MIMAT0000690 AGGGCCCCCCCUCAAUCCUGU > mmu-miR-296-5p MIMAT0000374 AGGGCCCCCCCUCAAUCCUGU | ND | [101] | [154] |
miR-328 | GCL, INL, RPE | Mouse | > hsa-miR-328-5p MIMAT0026486 GGGGGGGCAGGAGGGGCUCAGGG > mmu-miR-328-5p MIMAT0017030 GGGGGGCAGGAGGGGCUCAGGG > hsa-miR-328-3p MIMAT0000752 CUGGCCCUCUCUGCCCUUCCGU > mmu-miR-328-3p MIMAT0000565 CUGGCCCUCUCUGCCCUUCCGU | Promotion of RPE proliferation | [166] | |
miR-294 | GCL, INL, RPE | Mouse | > mmu-miR-294-5p MIMAT0004574 ACUCAAAAUGGAGGCCCUAUCU > mmu-miR-294-3p MIMAT0000372 AAAGUGCUUCCCUUUUGUGUGU 294: there is no information about this human miRNA in miRBase | May keep Müller cells pluripotency | [156] | |
miR-221 | GCL, INL | Mouse | > hsa-miR-221-5p MIMAT0004568 ACCUGGCAUACAAUGUAGAUUU > mmu-miR-221-5p MIMAT0017060 ACCUGGCAUACAAUGUAGAUUUCUGU > hsa-miR-221-3p MIMAT0000278 AGCUACAUUGUCUGCUGGGUUUC > mmu-miR-221-3p MIMAT0000669 AGCUACAUUGUCUGCUGGGUUUC | ND | [101] | |
miR-15a | GCL, developing retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-15a-5p MIMAT0000068 UAGCAGCACAUAAUGGUUUGUG > mmu-miR-15a-5p MIMAT0000526 UAGCAGCACAUAAUGGUUUGUG > hsa-miR-15a-3p MIMAT0004488 CAGGCCAUAUUGUGCUGCCUCA > mmu-miR-15a-3p MIMAT0004624 CAGGCCAUACUGUGCUGCCUCA | Anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic action of miR-15a in DR | [61] | |
miR-15a-5p | RPE | In vitro hESC | > hsa-miR-15a-5p MIMAT0000068 UAGCAGCACAUAAUGGUUUGUG > mmu-miR-15a-5p MIMAT0000526 UAGCAGCACAUAAUGGUUUGUG | hESC differentiation into RPE cells | [124] | [83] |
miR-223 | GCL, INL | Mouse, zebrafish | > hsa-miR-223-5p MIMAT0004570 CGUGUAUUUGACAAGCUGAGUU > mmu-miR-223-5p MIMAT0017056 CGUGUAUUUGACAAGCUGAGUUG > hsa-miR-223-3p MIMAT0000280 UGUCAGUUUGUCAAAUACCCCA > mmu-miR-223-3p MIMAT0000665 UGUCAGUUUGUCAAAUACCCCA > dre-miR-223 MIMAT0001290 UGUCAGUUUGUCAAAUACCCC | Necessary for maintaining normal retinal function as well as regulating inflammation in microglia and macrophages. Key role in zebrafish optic nerve regeneration. Upregulation of miR-223 in RGCs via intravitreal injection protected RGC axons in the optic nerve from degeneration | ||
miR-497 | GCL, INL | Mouse | > hsa-miR-497-5p MIMAT0002820 CAGCAGCACACUGUGGUUUGU > mmu-miR-497a-5p MIMAT0003453 CAGCAGCACACUGUGGUUUGUA > mmu-miR-497b MIMAT0031404 CACCACAGUGUGGUUUGGACGUGG > hsa-miR-497-3p MIMAT0004768 CAAACCACACUGUGGUGUUAGA > mmu-miR-497a-3p MIMAT0017247 CAAACCACACUGUGGUGUUAG | Functions as a tumor suppressor in the carcinogenesis and progression of retinoblastoma via targeting VEGF-A. Metformin may obstruct the VEGF-A protein translation via inducing a VEGF-A-targeting microRNA, microRNA-497a-5p, resulting in reduced retina neovascularization | [176] | |
miR-28 | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-28-5p MIMAT0000085 AAGGAGCUCACAGUCUAUUGAG > mmu-miR-28a-5p MIMAT0000653 AAGGAGCUCACAGUCUAUUGAG > mmu-miR-28c MIMAT0019339 AGGAGCUCACAGUCUAUUGA > mmu-miR-28b MIMAT0019354 AGGAGCUCACAAUCUAUUUAG > hsa-miR-28-3p MIMAT0004502 CACUAGAUUGUGAGCUCCUGGA > mmu-miR-28a-3p MIMAT0004661 CACUAGAUUGUGAGCUGCUGGA | Inhibits differentiation of MGDPs toward a photoreceptor lineage fate. Potentially regulates the photoreceptor lineage commitment of MGDPs | [82] | |
miR-99a | Müller glia | Mouse | > hsa-miR-99a-5p MIMAT0000097 AACCCGUAGAUCCGAUCUUGUG > mmu-miR-99a-5p MIMAT0000131 AACCCGUAGAUCCGAUCUUGUG > hsa-miR-99a-3p MIMAT0004511 CAAGCUCGCUUCUAUGGGUCUG > mmu-miR-99a-3p MIMAT0016981 CAAGCUCGUUUCUAUGGGUCU | Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia | [66] | [174] |
miR-199a | Müller glia | In vitro Müller glia | > hsa-miR-199a-5p MIMAT0000231 CCCAGUGUUCAGACUACCUGUUC > mmu-miR-199a-5p MIMAT0000229 CCCAGUGUUCAGACUACCUGUUC > hsa-miR-199a-3p MIMAT0000232 ACAGUAGUCUGCACAUUGGUUA > mmu-miR-199a-3p MIMAT0000230 ACAGUAGUCUGCACAUUGGUUA | Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia | [66] | |
miR-140 | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-140-5p MIMAT0000431 CAGUGGUUUUACCCUAUGGUAG > mmu-miR-140-5p MIMAT0000151 CAGUGGUUUUACCCUAUGGUAG > hsa-miR-140-3p MIMAT0004597 UACCACAGGGUAGAACCACGG > mmu-miR-140-3p MIMAT0000152 UACCACAGGGUAGAACCACGG | MiR-140-5p suppresses retinoblastoma cell growth by inhibiting c-Met/AKT/mTOR pathway. Intravitreal delivery offers protection in preventing oxidative stress mediated retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury | [162] | |
miR-151-5p | Retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-151a-5p MIMAT0004697 UCGAGGAGCUCACAGUCUAGU > mmu-miR-151-5p MIMAT0004536 UCGAGGAGCUCACAGUCUAGU | ND | [107] | |
miR-195 | Mature retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-195-5p MIMAT0000461 UAGCAGCACAGAAAUAUUGGC > mmu-miR-195a-5p MIMAT0000225 UAGCAGCACAGAAAUAUUGGC > hsa-miR-195-3p MIMAT0004615 CCAAUAUUGGCUGUGCUGCUCC > mmu-miR-195a-3p MIMAT0017000 CCAAUAUUGGCUGUGCUGCUCC > mmu-miR-195b MIMAT0025076 UAGCAGCACAGAAAUAGUAGAA | ND | [107] | |
miR-423-5p | Developing retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-423-5p MIMAT0004748 UGAGGGGCAGAGAGCGAGACUUU > mmu-miR-423-5p MIMAT0004825 UGAGGGGCAGAGAGCGAGACUUU | ND | [107] | |
miR-374 | Developing retina | Mouse | > hsa-miR-374a-5p MIMAT0000727 UUAUAAUACAACCUGAUAAGUG > hsa-miR-374a-3p MIMAT0004688 CUUAUCAGAUUGUAUUGUAAUU > hsa-miR-374b-5p MIMAT0004955 AUAUAAUACAACCUGCUAAGUG > mmu-miR-374b-5p MIMAT0003727 AUAUAAUACAACCUGCUAAGUG > hsa-miR-374b-3p MIMAT0004956 CUUAGCAGGUUGUAUUAUCAUU > mmu-miR-374b-3p MIMAT0003728 GGUUGUAUUAUCAUUGUCCGAG > hsa-miR-374c-5p MIMAT0018443 AUAAUACAACCUGCUAAGUGCU > mmu-miR-374c-5p MIMAT0014953 AUAAUACAACCUGCUAAGUG > hsa-miR-374c-3p MIMAT0022735 CACUUAGCAGGUUGUAUUAUAU > mmu-miR-374c-3p MIMAT0014954 ACUUAGCAGGUUGUAUUAU | miR‐374 can work with miR‐23a to cooperatively regulate the expression of Brn3b, thereby influencing RGC development. miR‐374a is a negative regulator of Fas death receptor which is able to enhance the cell survival and protect RPE cells against oxidative conditions | [83] |