Skip to main content

Table 3 MSC-EVs and retina common miRNAs; their expression, sequences and effects

From: Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles’ miRNAs on retinal regeneration: a review

miRNA

Retina expression patterns

Sample

miRNA sequence, miRBase accession number

Effect

Retina ref

EV ref

miR-204

RPE, amacrine cells, INL, ONL, GCL (adult), Müller glia, mature retina

Human, mouse, medaka fish, zebrafish, rat

 > hsa-miR-204-5p MIMAT0000265: UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGCCU

 > mmu-miR-204-5p MIMAT0000237: UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGCCU

 > ola-miR-204 MIMAT0022589: UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGC

 > dre-miR-204-5p MIMAT0001279

UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGCCU

 > rno-miR-204-5p MIMAT0000877

UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGCCU

 > hsa-miR-204-3p MIMAT0022693: GCUGGGAAGGCAAAGGGACGU

 > mmu-miR-204-3p MIMAT0017002: GCUGGGAAGGCAAAGGGACGU

 > dre-miR-204-3p MIMAT0031924

GGCUGGGAAGUCAAAGGGACGC

 > rno-miR-204-3p MIMAT0004739

GCUGGGAAGGCAAAGGGACGUU

Differentiation and death of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). Retinal development. RPE differentiation. Play an important role in the differentiation and function of RPE and retina. Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia. Expressed in the developing retina during rod photoreceptor differentiation. Inhibition in the medaka fish results gross deficiencies in eye development. Upregulated in light adapted condition. Decreased photoreceptor apoptosis and microglia activation in mouse models of inherited retinal diseases

[60, 64,65,66, 90, 93, 95, 96, 100, 102,103,104, 107, 179]

[166]

miR-124

Adult retina, cone, rod, RPE, ONL, INL except Müller glia, GCL (adult)

ARPE-19, Mouse

 > hsa-miR-124-5p MIMAT0004591

CGUGUUCACAGCGGACCUUGAU

 > mmu-miR-124-5p MIMAT0004527

CGUGUUCACAGCGGACCUUGAU

 > hsa-miR-124-3p MIMAT0000422

UAAGGCACGCGGUGAAUGCCAA

 > mmu-miR-124-3p MIMAT0000134

UAAGGCACGCGGUGAAUGCC

Proliferation, differentiation and death of RPCs. Connectivity and plasticity of retinal cells. Controlling the sensitivity of retinal growth cones to the guidance cue Sema3A. Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors. Stimulating the conversion of cultured murine Müller cells into Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGDP). In vitro mouse Müller glia reprogramming into neural progenitors. Survival of cone photoreceptors. Exogenous supplement could be a therapeutic approach for the prevention or treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Participate in retinal cell maturation and Müller glia reprogramming. MGDP differentiation to retinal neurons. Müller glia to retinal neurons reprogramming. Decrease retinal inflammation and photoreceptor cell death and improve retinal function. Its anti-inflammatory properties have an impact as a therapeutic in treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Promoting axon growth of RGCs differentiated from RSCs

[60, 66, 92,93,94, 108, 114, 143, 179,180,181]

[154, 163]

miR-124a

All layers except RPE, cone, all differentiated neurons, MGDP

Mouse, zebra fish

 > hsa-miR-124-5p MIMAT0004591

CGUGUUCACAGCGGACCUUGAU

 > mmu-miR-124-5p MIMAT0004527

CGUGUUCACAGCGGACCUUGAU

 > dre-miR-124-5p MIMAT0031960

CGUGUUCACAGCGGACCUUGAU

 > hsa-miR-124-3p MIMAT0000422

UAAGGCACGCGGUGAAUGCCAA

 > mmu-miR-124-3p MIMAT0000134

UAAGGCACGCGGUGAAUGCC

 > dre-miR-124-3p MIMAT0001819

UAAGGCACGCGGUGAAUGCCAA

Controlling the maturation and survival of retinal cone photoreceptors. Expressed in all neuronal subtypes of the adult retina. Higher levels of expression in photoreceptor cells. Loss of the dominant source of miR-124a triggered death of cone photoreceptors amid retinal development. Essential for the maturation and survival of retinal cones. Knockout of one of the miR-124a genes (miR-124a-1) results in the apoptosis of newly differentiated cone photoreceptors in mice. In MGDPs committed to early neuronal lineages, upregulated during MGDP acquisition of rod phenotypes

[65, 90, 93, 99, 104, 110]

[156]

miR-181

Retina (GCL, INL), inner plexiform layer

Mouse, zebrafish

Retinal axon specification and growth

[90, 182]

[21, 70, 153, 160, 161]

miR-181a

Cone, amacrine cells, GCL, INL, adult retina

Mouse, zebra fish, medaka fish

 > hsa-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0000256

AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU

 > mmu-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0000210

AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU

 > dre-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0001623

AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU

 > ola-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0022586

AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGU

 > hsa-miR-181a-2-3p MIMAT0004558

ACCACUGACCGUUGACUGUACC

 > mmu-miR-181a-2-3p MIMAT0005443

ACCACCGACCGUUGACUGUACC

 > dre-miR-181a-2-3p MIMAT0032007

ACCAUCGACCGUUGACUGUACC

 > ola-miR-181a-3p MIMAT0022587

ACCAUCGACCGUUGACUGUAC

Control the assembly of visual circuitry by regulating retinal axon specification and growth. Regulate proper neuritogenesis in amacrine cells and RGCs. Expressed in amacrine cells during growth and in adult retinas. Present in both GABAergic and glycinergic amacrine cells

[60, 90, 94, 95, 99, 100, 118, 119]

[154, 158, 161]

miR-181a-5p

Retina, RPE

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0000256

AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU

 > mmu-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0000210

AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU

 > dre-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0001623

AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU

 > ola-miR-181a-5p MIMAT0022586

AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGU

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124, 136]

[83]

miR-181b

Cone, amacrine cells, GCL, ciliary margin zone (CMZ), INL, mature retina

Mouse, zebra fish, medaka fish,

 > hsa-miR-181b-5p MIMAT0000257

AACAUUCAUUGCUGUCGGUGGGU

 > mmu-miR-181b-5p MIMAT0000673

AACAUUCAUUGCUGUCGGUGGGUU

 > dre-miR-181b-5p MIMAT0001270

AACAUUCAUUGCUGUCGGUGGG

 > ola-miR-181b-5p MIMAT0022540

AACAUUCAUUGCUGUCGGUGGGUU

 > hsa-miR-181b-3p MIMAT0022692

CUCACUGAACAAUGAAUGCAA

 > mmu-miR-181b-1-3p MIMAT0017067

CUCACUGAACAAUGAAUGCAA

 > dre-miR-181b-3-3p MIMAT0048656

CUCACUGAACAAUGAAUGCAA

 > ola-miR-181b-3p MIMAT0022541

CUCACUGAACGAUGAAUGCA

Control the assembly of visual circuitry by regulating retinal axon specification and growth. Takes part in the specification of later RPCs and mature retinal neurons. Regulate proper neuritogenesis in amacrine cells and RGCs

[60, 94, 95, 99, 101, 107, 118]

[161]

miR-181c

RPE, amacrine cells, GCL, INL, MGDP

Human, mouse, zebra fish

 > hsa-miR-181c-5p MIMAT0000258

AACAUUCAACCUGUCGGUGAGU

 > mmu-miR-181c-5p MIMAT0000674

AACAUUCAACCUGUCGGUGAGU

 > dre-miR-181c-5p MIMAT0001852

CACAUUCAUUGCUGUCGGUGGG

 > hsa-miR-181c-3p MIMAT0004559

AACCAUCGACCGUUGAGUGGAC

 > mmu-miR-181c-3p MIMAT0017068

ACCAUCGACCGUUGAGUGGACC

 > dre-miR-181c-3p MIMAT0031980

CUCGCCGGACAAUGAAUGAGAA

Promoting RPE differentiation. Upregulated during MGDP acquisition of rod phenotypes

[95, 101, 111, 129]

[158, 159, 161, 168]

miR-181d

RPE, GCL, INL

Human, mouse

 > hsa-miR-181d-5p MIMAT0002821

AACAUUCAUUGUUGUCGGUGGGU

 > mmu-miR-181d-5p MIMAT0004324

AACAUUCAUUGUUGUCGGUGGGU

 > hsa-miR-181d-3p MIMAT0026608

CCACCGGGGGAUGAAUGUCAC

 > mmu-miR-181d-3p MIMAT0017264

CCCACCGGGGGAUGAAUGUCA

Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation

[101, 125]

[161]

miR-9

Müller Glia, strongly expressed in neonatal retina, CMZ maturing cells and mature amacrine cells, RPE, INL, MGDP, developing retina

ARPE-19, mouse, zebrafish

 > hsa-miR-9-5p MIMAT0000441

UCUUUGGUUAUCUAGCUGUAUGA

 > mmu-miR-9-5p MIMAT0000142

UCUUUGGUUAUCUAGCUGUAUGA

 > dre-miR-9-5p MIMAT0001769

UCUUUGGUUAUCUAGCUGUAUGA

 > hsa-miR-9-3p MIMAT0000442

AUAAAGCUAGAUAACCGAAAGU

 > mmu-miR-9-3p MIMAT0000143

AUAAAGCUAGAUAACCGAAAGU

 > dre-miR-9-3p MIMAT0003156

UAAAGCUAGAUAACCGAAAGU

Stimulating the conversion of cultured murine Müller cells into MGDP cells. Play a significant role in orchestrating progenitor competence. Participates in the specification of later progenitor cells and mature retinal neurons. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia. Müller glia to retinal neurons reprogramming. Rescue the effects of Dicer1 deletion on the Müller glia phenotype. Highly expressed in neonatal retina. Upregulated during MGDP acquisition of rod phenotypes (9*). Overexpression leads to decreased RPC proliferation and increased neuronal and glial differentiation. Regulate the transition between early RPCs and late RPCs. Promoted the differentiation of neuronal cells from RSCs

[66, 90, 94, 95, 99, 101, 103, 107, 108, 111, 116, 123, 183,184,185,186]

[187]

miR-182

Rod/cone/bipolar, INL (Not as vigorous as miR-183), GCL, ONL, mature retina

Mouse, Zebrafish

 > hsa-miR-182-5p MIMAT0000259

UUUGGCAAUGGUAGAACUCACACU

 > mmu-miR-182-5p MIMAT0000211

UUUGGCAAUGGUAGAACUCACACCG

 > dre-miR-182-5p MIMAT0001271

UUUGGCAAUGGUAGAACUCACA

 > hsa-miR-182-3p MIMAT0000260

UGGUUCUAGACUUGCCAACUA

 > dre-miR-182-3p MIMAT0001272

UGGUUCUAGACUUGCCAACUA

 > mmu-miR-182-3p MIMAT0016995

GUGGUUCUAGACUUGCCAACU

May play crucial roles in the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Maintain adult cone photoreceptor outer segments and visual function. Maintaining retinal function. Preservation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and preservation of RGC function. Tetramethylpyrazine protects primary RGCs against H2O2‑induced damage by suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress via the miR‑182/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway

[90, 99, 101, 107, 120, 188, 189]

[190]

miR-183

Rod/cone/bipolar, INL (May have peripheral-to-central gradient), GCL, ONL, mature retina

Mouse, zebrafish

 > hsa-miR-183-5p MIMAT0000261

UAUGGCACUGGUAGAAUUCACU

 > mmu-miR-183-5p MIMAT0000212

UAUGGCACUGGUAGAAUUCACU

 > dre-miR-183-5p MIMAT0001273

UAUGGCACUGGUAGAAUUCACUG

 > hsa-miR-183-3p MIMAT0004560

GUGAAUUACCGAAGGGCCAUAA

 > mmu-miR-183-3p MIMAT0004539

GUGAAUUACCGAAGGGCCAUAA

 > dre-miR-183-3p MIMAT0031921

UGAAUUACCAAAGGGCCAUAA

May play important roles in the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Maintain adult cone photoreceptor outer segments and visual function

[99, 101, 107, 120]

[70]

miR-96

Rod/cone/bipolar, INL (Not as robust as miR-183), ONL, mature retina

Mouse, zebrafish

 > hsa-miR-96-5p MIMAT0000095

UUUGGCACUAGCACAUUUUUGCU

 > mmu-miR-96-5p MIMAT0000541

UUUGGCACUAGCACAUUUUUGCU

 > dre-miR-96-5p MIMAT0001811

UUUGGCACUAGCACAUUUUUGCU

 > hsa-miR-96-3p MIMAT0004510

AAUCAUGUGCAGUGCCAAUAUG

 > mmu-miR-96-3p MIMAT0017021

CAAUCAUGUGUAGUGCCAAUAU

 > dre-miR-96-3p MIMAT0031956

CAAUUAUGUGUAGUGCCAAUAU

May play crucial roles in the photoreceptors and bipolar cells

[99, 101, 107]

[191]

miR-125b

CMZ, INL, GCL, developing retina

ARPE-19, in vitro hESC, mouse, zebrafish, Rat,

 > hsa-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0000423

UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA

 > mmu-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0000136

UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA

 > rno-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0000830

UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA

 > dre-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0001821

UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA

 > hsa-miR-125b-2-3p MIMAT0004603

UCACAAGUCAGGCUCUUGGGAC

 > mmu-miR-125b-2-3p MIMAT0004529

ACAAGUCAGGUUCUUGGGACCU

 > rno-miR-125b-2-3p MIMAT0026467

ACAAGUCAGGCUCUUGGGACCU

 > dre-miR-125b-2-3p MIMAT0031964

CGGGUUGGGUUCUCGGGAGCU

 > hsa-miR-125b-1-3p MIMAT0004592

ACGGGUUAGGCUCUUGGGAGCU

 > mmu-miR-125b-1-3p MIMAT0004669

ACGGGUUAGGCUCUUGGGAGCU

 > rno-miR-125b-1-3p MIMAT0004730

ACGGGUUAGGCUCUUGGGAGCU

 > dre-miR-125b-1-3p MIMAT0031963

ACGGGUUAGGUUCUUGGGAGCU

Play a significant role in orchestrating progenitor competence. Regulate cell growth, differentiation or development. Important functions during human RPE cell differentiation

[90, 99, 107, 124, 125, 183]

[40, 154, 156, 159, 164, 165, 174]

miR-125b-5p

Retina, Müller glia

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0000423

UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA

 > mmu-miR-125b-5p MIMAT0000136

UCCCUGAGACCCUAACUUGUGA

Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia. hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[66, 124, 136]

[21, 61, 82, 83, 88, 159, 172, 173, 175]

miR-26

Rod

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000082

UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU

 > mmu-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000533

UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU

 > hsa-miR-26a-1-3p MIMAT0004499

CCUAUUCUUGGUUACUUGCACG

 > mmu-miR-26a-1-3p MIMAT0017020

CCUAUUCUUGGUUACUUGCACG

 > hsa-miR-26b-5p MIMAT0000083

UUCAAGUAAUUCAGGAUAGGU

 > mmu-miR-26b-5p MIMAT0000534

UUCAAGUAAUUCAGGAUAGGU

 > hsa-miR-26b-3p MIMAT0004500

CCUGUUCUCCAUUACUUGGCU

 > mmu-miR-26b-3p MIMAT0004630

CCUGUUCUCCAUUACUUGGCUC

Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors

[94, 192]

[193]

miR-26a

RPE, Cone, Retina

Human, mouse

 > hsa-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000082

UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU

 > mmu-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000533

UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU

 > hsa-miR-26a-2-3p MIMAT0004681

CCUAUUCUUGAUUACUUGUUUC

 > mmu-miR-26a-2-3p MIMAT0017058

CCUGUUCUUGAUUACUUGUUUC

 > hsa-miR-26a-1-3p MIMAT0004499

CCUAUUCUUGGUUACUUGCACG

 > mmu-miR-26a-1-3p MIMAT0017020

CCUAUUCUUGGUUACUUGCACG

Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation

[90, 107, 120, 125]

[154]

miR-26a-5p

Retina, RPE

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000082

UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU

 > mmu-miR-26a-5p MIMAT0000533

UUCAAGUAAUCCAGGAUAGGCU

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124, 136]

[82, 156]

miR-30

Rod

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-30a-5p MIMAT0000087

UGUAAACAUCCUCGACUGGAAG

 > mmu-miR-30a-5p MIMAT0000128

UGUAAACAUCCUCGACUGGAAG

 > hsa-miR-30a-3p MIMAT0000088

CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC

 > mmu-miR-30a-3p MIMAT0000129

CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC

 > hsa-miR-30e-5p MIMAT0000692

UGUAAACAUCCUUGACUGGAAG

 > mmu-miR-30e-5p MIMAT0000248

UGUAAACAUCCUUGACUGGAAG

 > hsa-miR-30e-3p MIMAT0000693

CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUACAGC

 > mmu-miR-30e-3p MIMAT0000249

CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUACAGC

 > hsa-miR-30c-5p MIMAT0000244

UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCUCAGC

 > mmu-miR-30c-5p MIMAT0000514

UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCUCAGC

 > mmu-miR-30c-5p MIMAT0000514

UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCUCAGC

 > hsa-miR-30c-2-3p MIMAT0004550

CUGGGAGAAGGCUGUUUACUCU

 > mmu-miR-30c-2-3p MIMAT0005438

CUGGGAGAAGGCUGUUUACUCU

 > mmu-miR-30c-1-3p MIMAT0004616

CUGGGAGAGGGUUGUUUACUCC

 > hsa-miR-30d-5p MIMAT0000245

UGUAAACAUCCCCGACUGGAAG

 > mmu-miR-30d-5p MIMAT0000515

UGUAAACAUCCCCGACUGGAAG

 > hsa-miR-30d-3p MIMAT0004551

CUUUCAGUCAGAUGUUUGCUGC

 > mmu-miR-30d-3p MIMAT0017011

CUUUCAGUCAGAUGUUUGCUGC

 > hsa-miR-30b-5p MIMAT0000420

UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU

 > mmu-miR-30b-5p MIMAT0000130

UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU

 > hsa-miR-30b-3p MIMAT0004589

CUGGGAGGUGGAUGUUUACUUC

 > mmu-miR-30b-3p MIMAT0004524

CUGGGAUGUGGAUGUUUACGUC

 > mmu-miR-30f MIMAT0025179

GUAAACAUCCGACUGAAAGCUC

Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors. Preservation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and preservation of RGC function

[94, 189, 192]

[21, 61, 70]

miR-30a

GCL, INL

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-30a-5p MIMAT0000087

UGUAAACAUCCUCGACUGGAAG

 > mmu-miR-30a-5p MIMAT0000128

UGUAAACAUCCUCGACUGGAAG

 > hsa-miR-30a-3p MIMAT0000088

CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC

 > mmu-miR-30a-3p MIMAT0000129

CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC

ND

[101, 107]

[158]

miR-30b

RGC, GCL, INL, RPE

In vitro hESC, mouse, rat

 > hsa-miR-30b-5p MIMAT0000420

UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU

 > mmu-miR-30b-5p MIMAT0000130

UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU

 > rno-miR-30b-5p MIMAT0000806

UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU

 > hsa-miR-30b-3p MIMAT0004589

CUGGGAGGUGGAUGUUUACUUC

 > mmu-miR-30b-3p MIMAT0004524

CUGGGAUGUGGAUGUUUACGUC

 > rno-miR-30b-3p MIMAT0004721

CUGGGAUGUGGAUGUUUACGUC

Upregulated in dark adaptation. Promotes axon outgrowth of RGCs. hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[90, 124, 194]

[156, 168]

miR-126

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-126-5p MIMAT0000444

CAUUAUUACUUUUGGUACGCG

 > mmu-miR-126a-5p MIMAT0000137

CAUUAUUACUUUUGGUACGCG

 > hsa-miR-126-3p MIMAT0000445

UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG

 > mmu-miR-126a-3p MIMAT0000138

UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG

Upregulated in dark adaptation. Vascularization of the retina was severely impaired in mice that survived the miR-126 deletion. Required for the development of different retinal vascular layers. miR-126-5p is expressed in endothelial cells but also by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of the mouse postnatal retina and takes part in protecting endothelial cells from apoptosis during the development of the retinal vasculature. Survival of Müller cells in a mouse model using vimentin fluorescence staining. A potential therapeutic agent to keep the stability of the Blood Retina Barrier (BRB) in ischemic retinopathy. Reduces hyperglycemia-induced retinal inflammation by downregulating the HMGB1 signaling pathway

[90, 128, 195,196,197]

[61, 89, 152, 156, 160, 167, 168]

miR-126-3p

RPE

Human, mouse

 > hsa-miR-126-3p MIMAT0000445

UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG

 > mmu-miR-126a-3p MIMAT0000138

UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG

 > mmu-miR-126b-3p MIMAT0029895

CGCGUACCAAAAGUAAUAAUGUG

Repress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) expression in RPE cells

[101, 136, 195]

[61, 168]

miR-107

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-107 MIMAT0000104

AGCAGCAUUGUACAGGGCUAUCA

 > mmu-miR-107-3p MIMAT0000647

AGCAGCAUUGUACAGGGCUAUCA

Upregulated in dark adaptation

[90]

[154]

miR-103

Developing retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-103a-2-5p MIMAT0009196

AGCUUCUUUACAGUGCUGCCUUG

 > mmu-miR-103–2-5p MIMAT0017025

AGCUUCUUUACAGUGCUGCCUUG

 > hsa-miR-103a-3p MIMAT0000101

AGCAGCAUUGUACAGGGCUAUGA

 > mmu-miR-103-3p MIMAT0000546

AGCAGCAUUGUACAGGGCUAUGA

 > hsa-miR-103a-1-5p MIMAT0037306

GGCUUCUUUACAGUGCUGCCUUG

 > mmu-miR-103–1-5p MIMAT0017024

GGCUUCUUUACAGUGCUGCCUUG

Upregulated in dark adaptation. Regulates mitotic proliferation

[90, 107]

[154]

miR-31

MGDP cells, RPE

Mouse, zebra fish

 > hsa-miR-31-5p MIMAT0000089

AGGCAAGAUGCUGGCAUAGCU

 > mmu-miR-31-5p MIMAT0000538

AGGCAAGAUGCUGGCAUAGCUG

 > hsa-miR-31-3p MIMAT0004504

UGCUAUGCCAACAUAUUGCCAU

 > mmu-miR-31-3p MIMAT0004634

UGCUAUGCCAACAUAUUGCCAUC

 > dre-miR-31 MIMAT0003347

UGGCAAGAUGUUGGCAUAGCUG

Proliferation of MGDP cells. Knockdown reduces INL proliferation at 72 h of constant light. MGDP’s proliferation

[66, 90, 101, 108, 109]

[154, 174]

Let-7

INL / GCL, rod

Mouse

Differentiation and death of RPCs. Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors. Play a significant role in orchestrating progenitor competence. Participates in retinal cell maturation and Müller glia reprogramming. Influence the neuronal versus glial decision and the final differentiation of Müller glia. Critically involved in Wnt/Lin28-regulated Müller glia proliferation. May link cell proliferation to developmental time and regulate the ongoing cell cycle elongation that takes place during development. Expression maintains the differentiated state of Müller glia cells. Regulate the transition between early RPCs and late RPCs

[66, 90, 93, 94, 183, 185, 198,199,200]

[152]

Let-7a

RPE, retina, developing retina

Human, ARPE-19, in vitro hESC, mouse

 > hsa-let-7a-5p MIMAT0000062

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUAGUU

 > mmu-let-7a-5p MIMAT0000521

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUAGUU

 > hsa-let-7a-3p MIMAT0004481

CUAUACAAUCUACUGUCUUUC

 > mmu-let-7a-1-3p MIMAT0004620

CUAUACAAUCUACUGUCUUUCC

 > hsa-let-7a-2-3p MIMAT0010195

CUGUACAGCCUCCUAGCUUUCC

 > mmu-let-7a-2-3p MIMAT0017015

CUGUACAGCCUCCUAGCUUUC

Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC Differentiation. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. Müller glia dedifferentiation. Important functions during human RPE cell differentiation

[66, 107, 123,124,125]

[154, 156, 165]

Let-7a-5p

Retina

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-let-7a-5p MIMAT0000062

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUAGUU

 > mmu-let-7a-5p MIMAT0000521

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUAGUU

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124, 136]

[3, 82, 83, 172, 173, 175]

Let-7b

Retina, CMZ, INL, RPE, developing retina

ARPE-19, mouse, zebrafish

 > hsa-let-7b-5p MIMAT0000063

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUGUGGUU

 > mmu-let-7b-5p MIMAT0000522

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUGUGGUU

 > dre-let-7b MIMAT0001760

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUGUGGUU

 > hsa-let-7b-3p MIMAT0004482

CUAUACAACCUACUGCCUUCCC

 > mmu-let-7b-3p MIMAT0004621

CUAUACAACCUACUGCCUUCCC

Participates in the functions of RSCs or early RPCs. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. RPC differentiation enhancement

[90, 99, 100, 107, 123, 201]

[21, 154, 156, 158, 160, 161, 167, 168]

Let-7b-5p

RPE

Human

 > hsa-let-7b-5p MIMAT0000063

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUGUGGUU

 > mmu-let-7b-5p MIMAT0000522

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUGUGGUU

ND

[136]

[83]

Let-7c

RPE, retina

Human, mouse

 > hsa-let-7c-5p MIMAT0000064

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUGGUU

 > mmu-let-7c-5p MIMAT0000523

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUGGUU

 > hsa-let-7c-3p MIMAT0026472

CUGUACAACCUUCUAGCUUUCC

 > mmu-let-7c-1-3p MIMAT0004622

CUGUACAACCUUCUAGCUUUCC

Upregulated in RPE during ESC differentiation

[107, 125]

[21, 70, 154, 156, 160, 167]

Let-7c-5p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-let-7c-5p MIMAT0000064

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUGGUU

 > mmu-let-7c-5p MIMAT0000523

UGAGGUAGUAGGUUGUAUGGUU

ND

[136]

[83]

Let-7d

INL (amacrine, bipolar), RPE, retina

ARPE-19, mouse

 > hsa-let-7d-5p MIMAT0000065

AGAGGUAGUAGGUUGCAUAGUU

 > mmu-let-7d-5p MIMAT0000383

AGAGGUAGUAGGUUGCAUAGUU

 > hsa-let-7d-3p MIMAT0004484

CUAUACGACCUGCUGCCUUUCU

 > mmu-let-7d-3p MIMAT0000384

CUAUACGACCUGCUGCCUUUCU

Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. Plays crucial roles in neural fate specification with foreseeable function in RPC differentiation

[99, 103, 107, 123]

[154]

Let-7e

GCL, INL, photoreceptors, retina

Mouse

 > hsa-let-7e-5p MIMAT0000066

UGAGGUAGGAGGUUGUAUAGUU

 > mmu-let-7e-5p MIMAT0000524

UGAGGUAGGAGGUUGUAUAGUU

 > hsa-let-7e-3p MIMAT0004485

CUAUACGGCCUCCUAGCUUUCC

 > mmu-let-7e-3p MIMAT0017016

CUAUACGGCCUCCUAGCUUUCC

Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[101, 107, 123]

[83, 154, 156]

Let-7f

RPE, cone, developing retina

Human, Mouse

 > hsa-let-7f-5p MIMAT0000067

UGAGGUAGUAGAUUGUAUAGUU

 > mmu-let-7f-5p MIMAT0000525

UGAGGUAGUAGAUUGUAUAGUU

 > hsa-let-7f-1-3p MIMAT0004486

CUAUACAAUCUAUUGCCUUCCC

 > mmu-let-7f-1-3p MIMAT0004623

CUAUACAAUCUAUUGCCUUCCC

 > hsa-let-7f-2-3p MIMAT0004487

CUAUACAGUCUACUGUCUUUCC

 > mmu-let-7f-2-3p MIMAT0017017

CUAUACAGUCUACUGUCUUUC

Upregulated in dark adaptation. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC Differentiation

[90, 94, 107, 125]

[154, 156, 165]

Let-7f-5p

Retina, RPE

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-let-7f-5p MIMAT0000067

UGAGGUAGUAGAUUGUAUAGUU

 > mmu-let-7f-5p MIMAT0000525

UGAGGUAGUAGAUUGUAUAGUU

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124, 136]

[82, 88, 175]

Let-7i

RPE, retina

Human, mouse

 > hsa-let-7i-5p MIMAT0000415

UGAGGUAGUAGUUUGUGCUGUU

 > mmu-let-7i-5p MIMAT0000122

UGAGGUAGUAGUUUGUGCUGUU

 > hsa-let-7i-3p MIMAT0004585

CUGCGCAAGCUACUGCCUUGCU

 > mmu-let-7i-3p MIMAT0004520

CUGCGCAAGCUACUGCCUUGCU

Upregulated in dark adaptation. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation

[90, 107, 125]

[82, 83, 154]

miR-23a

RPE, GCL, Müller glia, retina

Human, ARPE-19, in vitro Müller glia, mouse

 > hsa-miR-23a-5p MIMAT0004496

GGGGUUCCUGGGGAUGGGAUUU

 > mmu-miR-23a-5p MIMAT0017019

GGGGUUCCUGGGGAUGGGAUUU

 > hsa-miR-23a-3p MIMAT0000078

AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUUCC

 > mmu-miR-23a-3p MIMAT0000532

AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUUCC

Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation. Downregulated in the RPE derived from patients with AMD, manipulation of this miRNA modulated the susceptibility to apoptosis of RPE-derived cell lines. Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia. Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. Müller glia dedifferentiation. miR‐374 can work with miR‐23a to cooperatively regulate the expression of Brn3b, thereby influencing RGC development

[65, 66, 90, 101, 107, 123, 125, 202]

[154, 156, 159, 165]

miR-23a-3p

RPE, retina

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-23a-3p MIMAT0000078

AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUUCC

 > mmu-miR-23a-3p MIMAT0000532

AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUUCC

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124, 136]

[83, 88, 173, 175, 203]

miR-106

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-106a-5p MIMAT0000103

AAAAGUGCUUACAGUGCAGGUAG

 > mmu-miR-106a-5p MIMAT0000385

CAAAGUGCUAACAGUGCAGGUAG

 > hsa-miR-106a-3p MIMAT0004517

CUGCAAUGUAAGCACUUCUUAC

 > mmu-miR-106a-3p MIMAT0017009

ACUGCAGUGCCAGCACUUCUUAC

 > hsa-miR-106b-5p MIMAT0000680

UAAAGUGCUGACAGUGCAGAU

 > mmu-miR-106b-5p MIMAT0000386

UAAAGUGCUGACAGUGCAGAU

 > hsa-miR-106b-3p MIMAT0004672

CCGCACUGUGGGUACUUGCUGC

 > mmu-miR-106b-3p MIMAT0004582

CCGCACUGUGGGUACUUGCUGC

Key regulators of the neurogenic-to-gliogenic transition in neural progenitor cells

[66, 90]

[203]

miR-106a

GCL, INL, RPE, developing retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-106a-5p MIMAT0000103

AAAAGUGCUUACAGUGCAGGUAG

 > mmu-miR-106a-5p MIMAT0000385

CAAAGUGCUAACAGUGCAGGUAG

 > hsa-miR-106a-3p MIMAT0004517

CUGCAAUGUAAGCACUUCUUAC

 > mmu-miR-106a-3p MIMAT0017009

ACUGCAGUGCCAGCACUUCUUAC

Regulates mitotic proliferation

[101, 107]

[172]

miR-143

Retina, Müller glia

In vitro Müller glia, mouse

 > hsa-miR-143-5p MIMAT0004599

GGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGU

 > mmu-miR-143-5p MIMAT0017006

GGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGG

 > hsa-miR-143-3p MIMAT0000435

UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUC

 > mmu-miR-143-3p MIMAT0000247

UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUC

Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. Alleviates retinal neovascularization

[66, 90, 107, 204]

[42, 153, 154, 163]

miR-142-5p

Retina, RPE

Human

 > hsa-miR-142-5p MIMAT0000433

CAUAAAGUAGAAAGCACUACU

 > mmu-miR-142a-5p MIMAT0000154

CAUAAAGUAGAAAGCACUACU

ND

[136]

[174]

miR-143-3p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-143-3p MIMAT0000435

UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUC

 > mmu-miR-143-3p MIMAT0000247

UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUC

ND

[136]

[82,83,84, 88]

miR-200b

Retina, developing retina, ganglion cell, Müller glia cell, human Müller cell line

Mouse, rat

 > hsa-miR-200b-5p MIMAT0004571

CAUCUUACUGGGCAGCAUUGGA

 > mmu-miR-200b-5p MIMAT0004545

CAUCUUACUGGGCAGCAUUGGA

 > rno-miR-200b-5p MIMAT0017152

CAUCUUACUGGGCAGCAUUGGA

 > hsa-miR-200b-3p MIMAT0000318

UAAUACUGCCUGGUAAUGAUGA

 > mmu-miR-200b-3p MIMAT0000233

UAAUACUGCCUGGUAAUGAUGA

 > rno-miR-200b-3p MIMAT0000875

UAAUACUGCCUGGUAAUGAUGAC

The regulation of miR-200b in retinal neovascular diseases may prohibit the deviating expression of critical factors associated with pathological angiogenesis. Therapeutic effect on DR

[90, 107, 128, 134, 205]

[156]

miR-206

Retina

Human, rat

 > hsa-miR-206 MIMAT0000462

UGGAAUGUAAGGAAGUGUGUGG

 > rno-miR-206-3p MIMAT0000879

UGGAAUGUAAGGAAGUGUGUGG

ND

[90]

[61, 166]

miR-146a

Müller glia

Human, zebra fish, rat

 > hsa-miR-146a-5p MIMAT0000449

UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUGGGUU

 > rno-miR-146a-5p MIMAT0000852

UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUGGGUU

 > dre-miR-146a MIMAT0001843

UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUAGAUGG

 > hsa-miR-146a-3p MIMAT0004608

CCUCUGAAAUUCAGUUCUUCAG

 > rno-miR-146a-3p MIMAT0017132

ACCUGUGAAGUUCAGUUCUUU

Proliferation of MGDP cells. Play roles in Müller glia dedifferentiation and proliferation, along with neuronal progenitor cell proliferation and migration. Its reduction reduces INL proliferation at 51 h of light treatment. The rhythmicity of miR-146a expression in the diabetic retina may proceed to mediate rhythmicity of the inflammatory response in retinal cells and provide a new approach to regulation of inflammation in DR. A potential therapeutic target for reducing inflammation in retinal microvascular endothelial cells through inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB and TNFα. Differentiation process of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cell (hPESC)-derived RPE cells

[91, 108, 109, 131, 206]

[21, 61, 152,153,154,155,156, 158,159,160,161]

miR-146a-5p

RPE

Human

 > hsa-miR-146a-5p MIMAT0000449

UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUGGGUU

 > mmu-miR-146a-5p MIMAT0000158

UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUGGGUU

ND

[136]

[82]

miR-886

RPE

Human

 > hsa-mir-886 MI0005527

CACUCCUACCCGGGUCGGAGUUAGCUCAAGCGGUUACCUCCUCAUGCCGGACUUUCUAUCUGUCCAUCUCUGUGCUGGGGUUCGAGACCCGCGGGUGCUUACUGACCCUUUUAUGCAAUAA

Differentiation process of hPESC-derived RPE cells

[91]

[152]

miR-10a

RPE

Human

 > hsa-miR-10a-5p MIMAT0000253

UACCCUGUAGAUCCGAAUUUGUG

 > mmu-miR-10a-5p MIMAT0000648

UACCCUGUAGAUCCGAAUUUGUG

 > hsa-miR-10a-3p MIMAT0004555

CAAAUUCGUAUCUAGGGGAAUA

 > mmu-miR-10a-3p MIMAT0004659

CAAAUUCGUAUCUAGGGGAAUA

Differentiation process of hPESC-derived RPE cells

[91]

[193]

miR-10a-5p

RPE

Human

 > hsa-miR-10a-5p MIMAT0000253

UACCCUGUAGAUCCGAAUUUGUG

 > mmu-miR-10a-5p MIMAT0000648

UACCCUGUAGAUCCGAAUUUGUG

ND

[136]

[82]

miR-34a

RPE, retina

ARPE-19, in vitro hESC, mouse

 > hsa-miR-34a-5p MIMAT0000255

UGGCAGUGUCUUAGCUGGUUGU

 > mmu-miR-34a-5p MIMAT0000542

UGGCAGUGUCUUAGCUGGUUGU

 > hsa-miR-34a-3p MIMAT0004557

CAAUCAGCAAGUAUACUGCCCU

 > mmu-miR-34a-3p MIMAT0017022

AAUCAGCAAGUAUACUGCCCU

Inhibit the proliferation and migration of RPE cells. Modulated the proliferation and migration of cultured RPE cell lines. hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[65, 107, 124, 135]

[83, 156]

miR-22

Rod, RPE, Müller glia, retina

Human, in vitro Müller glia, mouse

 > hsa-miR-22-5p MIMAT0004495

AGUUCUUCAGUGGCAAGCUUUA

 > mmu-miR-22-5p MIMAT0004629

AGUUCUUCAGUGGCAAGCUUUA

 > hsa-miR-22-3p MIMAT0000077

AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU

 > mmu-miR-22-3p MIMAT0000531

AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU

Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation. Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia

[66, 94, 107, 125, 192]

[21, 40, 42, 61, 70, 154, 156, 164, 169, 170]

miR-22-3p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-22-3p MIMAT0000077

AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU

 > mmu-miR-22-3p MIMAT0000531

AAGCUGCCAGUUGAAGAACUGU

A suppressive task in RPE damage by targeting NLRP3, which provides novel insights into the upcoming intervention to retinopathy

[136, 207]

[82,83,84, 88]

miR-191

GCL, INL, ONL, cone, developing retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-191-5p MIMAT0000440

CAACGGAAUCCCAAAAGCAGCUG

 > mmu-miR-191-5p MIMAT0000221

CAACGGAAUCCCAAAAGCAGCUG

 > hsa-miR-191-3p MIMAT0001618

GCUGCGCUUGGAUUUCGUCCCC

 > mmu-miR-191-3p MIMAT0004542

GCUGCACUUGGAUUUCGUUCCC

ND

[101, 107, 120]

[154, 165]

miR-191-5p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-191-5p MIMAT0000440

CAACGGAAUCCCAAAAGCAGCUG

 > mmu-miR-191-5p MIMAT0000221

CAACGGAAUCCCAAAAGCAGCUG

ND

[136]

[82, 83]

miR-127-3p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-127-3p MIMAT0000446

UCGGAUCCGUCUGAGCUUGGCU

 > mmu-miR-127-3p MIMAT0000139

UCGGAUCCGUCUGAGCUUGGCU

ND

[136]

[21, 82, 83]

miR-27b-3p

Retina, RPE

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-27b-3p MIMAT0000419

UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCUGC

 > mmu-miR-27b-3p MIMAT0000126

UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCUGC

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124, 136]

[82, 83, 152]

miR-92

Rod, strongly expressed in neonatal retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-92a-2-5p MIMAT0004508

GGGUGGGGAUUUGUUGCAUUAC

 > mmu-miR-92a-2-5p MIMAT0004635

AGGUGGGGAUUGGUGGCAUUAC

 > hsa-miR-92a-3p MIMAT0000092

UAUUGCACUUGUCCCGGCCUGU

 > mmu-miR-92a-3p MIMAT0000539

UAUUGCACUUGUCCCGGCCUG

 > hsa-miR-92a-1-5p MIMAT0004507

AGGUUGGGAUCGGUUGCAAUGCU

 > mmu-miR-92a-1-5p MIMAT0017066

AGGUUGGGAUUUGUCGCAAUGCU

 > hsa-miR-92b-5p MIMAT0004792

AGGGACGGGACGCGGUGCAGUG

 > mmu-miR-92b-5p MIMAT0017278

AGGGACGGGACGUGGUGCAGUGUU

 > hsa-miR-92b-3p MIMAT0003218

UAUUGCACUCGUCCCGGCCUCC

 > mmu-miR-92b-3p MIMAT0004899

UAUUGCACUCGUCCCGGCCUCC

Regulating the survival of rod photoreceptors. Preservation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and preservation of RGC function

[94, 95, 189, 192]

[12, 21, 85]

miR-92a-3p

Retina

Human, mouse

 > hsa-miR-92a-3p MIMAT0000092

UAUUGCACUUGUCCCGGCCUGU

 > mmu-miR-92a-3p MIMAT0000539

UAUUGCACUUGUCCCGGCCUG

Retinal development

[133, 136]

[3, 82, 84, 172]

miR-92b-3p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-92b-3p MIMAT0003218

UAUUGCACUCGUCCCGGCCUCC

 > mmu-miR-92b-3p MIMAT0004899

UAUUGCACUCGUCCCGGCCUCC

Photoreceptor development and differentiation. RGC development and differentiation

[136, 208]

[82]

miR-99b

RPE, INL, photoreceptors, developing retina

Human, mouse

 > hsa-miR-99b-5p MIMAT0000689

CACCCGUAGAACCGACCUUGCG

 > mmu-miR-99b-5p MIMAT0000132

CACCCGUAGAACCGACCUUGCG

 > hsa-miR-99b-3p MIMAT0004678

CAAGCUCGUGUCUGUGGGUCCG

 > mmu-miR-99b-3p MIMAT0004525

CAAGCUCGUGUCUGUGGGUCCG

Promoting RPE differentiation

[101, 107, 129]

[193]

miR-99b-5p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-99b-5p MIMAT0000689

CACCCGUAGAACCGACCUUGCG

 > mmu-miR-99b-5p MIMAT0000132

CACCCGUAGAACCGACCUUGCG

ND

[136]

[82]

miR-16

Retina, RPE, developing retina

ARPE-19, rabbit, mouse

 > hsa-miR-16-5p MIMAT0000069

UAGCAGCACGUAAAUAUUGGCG

 > mmu-miR-16-5p MIMAT0000527

UAGCAGCACGUAAAUAUUGGCG

 > ocu-miR-16b-5p MIMAT0048107

UAGCAGCACGUAAAUAUUGGCGU

 > ocu-miR-16a-5p MIMAT0048105

UAGCAGCACGUAAAUACUGGCG

 > hsa-miR-16–1-3p MIMAT0004489

CCAGUAUUAACUGUGCUGCUGA

 > mmu-miR-16–1-3p MIMAT0004625

CCAGUAUUGACUGUGCUGCUGA

 > ocu-miR-16a-3p MIMAT0048106

CCAGUAUUAACUGUGCUGCUGAA

 > hsa-miR-16–2-3p MIMAT0004518

CCAAUAUUACUGUGCUGCUUUA

 > mmu-miR-16–2-3p MIMAT0017018

ACCAAUAUUAUUGUGCUGCUUU

 > ocu-miR-16b-3p MIMAT0048108

ACCAAUAUUAUUGUGCUGCUUUA

Play a role in retinal development. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation. Inhibition of insulin resistance in diabetic retina

[107, 123, 127, 137]

[61, 156, 165, 170, 174]

miR-16-5p

Retina, RPE

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-16-5p MIMAT0000069

UAGCAGCACGUAAAUAUUGGCG

 > mmu-miR-16-5p MIMAT0000527

UAGCAGCACGUAAAUAUUGGCG

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124, 136]

[61, 83, 172, 173]

miR-148a

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-148a-5p MIMAT0004549

AAAGUUCUGAGACACUCCGACU

 > mmu-miR-148a-5p MIMAT0004617

AAAGUUCUGAGACACUCCGACU

 > hsa-miR-148a-3p MIMAT0000243

UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU

 > mmu-miR-148a-3p MIMAT0000516

UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU

ND

[106, 107]

[193]

miR-148a-3p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-148a-3p MIMAT0000243

UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU

 > mmu-miR-148a-3p MIMAT0000516

UCAGUGCACUACAGAACUUUGU

Moderates high glucose-induced DR by targeting TGFB2 and FGF2

[136, 209]

[83]

miR-125a

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-125a-5p MIMAT0000443

UCCCUGAGACCCUUUAACCUGUGA

 > mmu-miR-125a-5p MIMAT0000135

UCCCUGAGACCCUUUAACCUGUGA

 > hsa-miR-125a-3p MIMAT0004602

ACAGGUGAGGUUCUUGGGAGCC

 > mmu-miR-125a-3p MIMAT0004528

ACAGGUGAGGUUCUUGGGAGCC

Regulate the transition between early RPCs and late RPCs

[92, 125, 185]

[61, 156, 174]

miR-125a-5p

Retina, RPE, developing retina

Human, in vitro hESC, mouse

 > hsa-miR-125a-5p MIMAT0000443

UCCCUGAGACCCUUUAACCUGUGA

 > mmu-miR-125a-5p MIMAT0000135

UCCCUGAGACCCUUUAACCUGUGA

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[107, 124, 136]

[83, 154]

miR-100

RPE, Müller glia, developing retina

Human, mouse

 > hsa-miR-100-5p MIMAT0000098

AACCCGUAGAUCCGAACUUGUG

 > mmu-miR-100-5p MIMAT0000655

AACCCGUAGAUCCGAACUUGUG

 > hsa-miR-100-3p MIMAT0004512

CAAGCUUGUAUCUAUAGGUAUG

 > mmu-miR-100-3p MIMAT0017051

ACAAGCUUGUGUCUAUAGGUAU

Promoting RPE differentiation. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation. Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia. Regulates mitotic proliferation

[66, 107, 125, 129]

[153, 154, 156, 159, 165, 174]

miR-100-5p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-100-5p MIMAT0000098

AACCCGUAGAUCCGAACUUGUG

 > mmu-miR-100-5p MIMAT0000655

AACCCGUAGAUCCGAACUUGUG

Upregulated during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into RPE Cell

[136, 210]

[82, 83, 88, 172, 173, 175]

miR-29

Neural retina, ONL

Mouse

hsa-miR-29a-5p MIMAT0004503

ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG

 > mmu-miR-29a-5p MIMAT0004631

ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG

 > hsa-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000086

UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA

 > mmu-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000535

UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA

 > hsa-miR-29b-1-5p MIMAT0004514

GCUGGUUUCAUAUGGUGGUUUAGA

 > mmu-miR-29b-1-5p MIMAT0004523

GCUGGUUUCAUAUGGUGGUUUA

 > hsa-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000100

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU

 > mmu-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000127

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU

 > hsa-miR-29c-5p MIMAT0004673

UGACCGAUUUCUCCUGGUGUUC

 > mmu-miR-29c-5p MIMAT0004632

UGACCGAUUUCUCCUGGUGUUC

 > hsa-miR-29c-3p MIMAT0000681

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCGGUUA

 > mmu-miR-29c-3p MIMAT0000536

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCGGUUA

ND

[90, 95]

[193]

miR-29a

RPCs, Müller glia, MGDP, retina

In vivo mouse RPC, in vitro Müller glia, mouse, rat

 > hsa-miR-29a-5p MIMAT0004503

ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG

 > mmu-miR-29a-5p MIMAT0004631

ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG

 > rno-miR-29a-5p MIMAT0004718

ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG

 > hsa-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000086

UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA

 > mmu-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000535

UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA

 > rno-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000802

UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA

Regulates the proliferation and differentiation of RPCs. Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. Increased in MGDPs. Protect RGCs against oxidative injury

[66, 107, 111, 146, 211]

[193]

miR-29a-3p

RPE

Human

 > hsa-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000086

UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA

 > mmu-miR-29a-3p MIMAT0000535

UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA

ND

[136]

[83]

miR-29b

RPE, RGC, INL, retina

ARPE-19, mouse, rat

 > hsa-miR-29b-1-5p MIMAT0004514

GCUGGUUUCAUAUGGUGGUUUAGA

 > mmu-miR-29b-1-5p MIMAT0004523

GCUGGUUUCAUAUGGUGGUUUA

 > rno-miR-29b-1-5p MIMAT0005445

UUUCAUAUGGUGGUUUAGAUUU

 > hsa-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000100

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU

 > mmu-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000127

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU

 > rno-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000801

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU

Regulates TGF-β1-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of RPE cells. Protective effect against the apoptosis of RGCs and cells of the INL

[107, 139, 140]

[193]

miR-29b-3p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000100

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU

 > mmu-miR-29b-3p MIMAT0000127

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU

Inhibits cell proliferation and angiogenesis by targeting VEGF-A and PDGFB in retinal microvascular endothelial cells

[136, 212]

[83]

miR-29c

GCL, INL, photoreceptors, retina

Human, mouse, rat

 > hsa-miR-29c-5p MIMAT0004673

UGACCGAUUUCUCCUGGUGUUC

 > mmu-miR-29c-5p MIMAT0004632

UGACCGAUUUCUCCUGGUGUUC

 > rno-miR-29c-5p MIMAT0003154

UGACCGAUUUCUCCUGGUGUUC

 > hsa-miR-29c-3p MIMAT0000681

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCGGUUA

 > mmu-miR-29c-3p MIMAT0000536

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCGGUUA

 > rno-miR-29c-3p MIMAT0000803

UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCGGUUA

May influence neurogliogenic decision in the developing retina

[97, 101, 107, 213]

[214]

miR-151a-3p

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-151a-3p MIMAT0000757

CUAGACUGAAGCUCCUUGAGG

ND

[136]

[82]

miR-21

Müller glia, RGC

In vitro Müller glia, in vitro Retinal microvascular endothelial cells isolated from bovine retina

 > hsa-miR-21-5p MIMAT0000076

UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA

 > mmu-miR-21a-5p MIMAT0000530

UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA

 > bta-miR-21-5p MIMAT0003528

UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGACU

 > hsa-miR-21-3p MIMAT0004494

CAACACCAGUCGAUGGGCUGU

 > mmu-miR-21a-3p MIMAT0004628

CAACAGCAGUCGAUGGGCUGUC

 > bta-miR-21-3p MIMAT0003745

AACAGCAGUCGAUGGGCUGUCU

 > mmu-miR-21b MIMAT0025121

UAGUUUAUCAGACUGAUAUUUCC

 > mmu-miR-21c MIMAT0025148

UAGCUUAUCAGACUGGUACAA

Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. Pro-angiogenic role in the retinal microvasculature. Protect RGC-5 cells against oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD-induced) cells injury. Photoreceptor protection

[66, 128, 215,216,217]

[21, 40, 152,153,154, 156, 159, 160, 163,164,165, 174]

miR-21-5p

Retina, RPE

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-21-5p MIMAT0000076

UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA

 > mmu-miR-21a-5p MIMAT0000530

UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124, 136]

[3, 21, 61, 82,83,84, 88, 172, 173, 175]

miR-101-3p

RPE

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-101-3p MIMAT0000099

UACAGUACUGUGAUAACUGAA

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124, 136]

[156]

miR-146b

Developing retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-146b-5p MIMAT0002809

UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUAGGCUG

 > mmu-miR-146b-5p MIMAT0003475

UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUAGGCU

 > hsa-miR-146b-3p MIMAT0004766

GCCCUGUGGACUCAGUUCUGGU

 > mmu-miR-146b-3p MIMAT0004826

GCCCUAGGGACUCAGUUCUGGU

Regulates mitotic proliferation. Regulatory role of miR-146b-3p in diabetes related retinal inflammation by suppressing adenosine deaminase (ADA2)

[107, 218]

[21]

miR-146b-5p

RPE

Human

 > hsa-miR-146b-5p MIMAT0002809

UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUAGGCUG

 > mmu-miR-146b-5p MIMAT0003475

UGAGAACUGAAUUCCAUAGGCU

ND

[136]

[82]

miR-486-5p

RPE

Human

 > hsa-miR-486-5p MIMAT0002177

UCCUGUACUGAGCUGCCCCGAG

 > mmu-miR-486a-5p MIMAT0003130

UCCUGUACUGAGCUGCCCCGAG

 > mmu-miR-486b-5p MIMAT0014943

UCCUGUACUGAGCUGCCCCGAG

ND

[136]

[3, 82, 84, 88]

miR-23b

RPE, retina

Human, ARPE-19, mouse

 > hsa-miR-23b-5p MIMAT0004587

UGGGUUCCUGGCAUGCUGAUUU

 > mmu-miR-23b-5p MIMAT0016980

GGGUUCCUGGCAUGCUGAUUU

 > hsa-miR-23b-3p MIMAT0000418

AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUACCAC

 > mmu-miR-23b-3p MIMAT0000125

AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUACC

Promoting RPE differentiation. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development

[107, 123, 129]

[70, 154, 156, 164]

miR-23b-3p

RPE

Human, in vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-23b-3p MIMAT0000418

AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUACCAC

 > mmu-miR-23b-3p MIMAT0000125

AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUACC

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124, 136]

[178]

miR-145

GCL, INL, RPE, Müller glia, retinal endothelial cells

In vitro human retinal endothelial cells, in vitro Müller glia, mouse

 > hsa-miR-145-5p MIMAT0000437

GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAAUCCCU

 > mmu-miR-145a-5p MIMAT0000157

GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAAUCCCU

 > mmu-miR-145b MIMAT0025105

GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAGACU

 > hsa-miR-145-3p MIMAT0004601

GGAUUCCUGGAAAUACUGUUCU

 > mmu-miR-145a-3p MIMAT0004534

AUUCCUGGAAAUACUGUUCUUG

Reduces high glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal endothelial cells. Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. Müller glia dedifferentiation

[66, 101, 142]

[21, 154, 156, 159, 161, 164, 165]

miR-145-5p

RPE, retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-145-5p MIMAT0000437

GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAAUCCCU

 > mmu-miR-145a-5p MIMAT0000157

GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAAUCCCU

ND

[136]

[83, 153, 172, 175]

miR-451a

RPE, retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-451a MIMAT0001631

AAACCGUUACCAUUACUGAGUU

 > mmu-miR-451a MIMAT0001632

AAACCGUUACCAUUACUGAGUU

miR-451a/ATF2 plays a critical role in the regulation of proliferation and migration in RPE cells via regulation of mitochondrial function

[136, 219]

[83, 174]

miR-150

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-150-5p MIMAT0000451

UCUCCCAACCCUUGUACCAGUG

 > mmu-miR-150-5p MIMAT0000160

UCUCCCAACCCUUGUACCAGUG

 > hsa-miR-150-3p MIMAT0004610

CUGGUACAGGCCUGGGGGACAG

 > mmu-miR-150-3p MIMAT0004535

CUGGUACAGGCCUGGGGGAUAG

Suppression of pathological retinal neovascularization

[151]

[154, 160]

miR-133b

Retina, amacrine cells

Rat

 > hsa-miR-133b MIMAT0000770

UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUA

 > mmu-miR-133b-3p MIMAT0000769

UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUA

 > rno-miR-133b-3p MIMAT0003126

UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUA

 > mmu-miR-133b-5p MIMAT0017083

GCUGGUCAAACGGAACCAAGUC

 > rno-miR-133b-5p MIMAT0017205

GCUGGUCAAACGGAACCAAGU

Differentiation and death of RPCs. Connectivity and plasticity of retinal cells. Control of the maturation and function of dopaminergic amacrine cells. Plays an important protective role in RGCs apoptosis through MAPK/Erk2 signaling pathway

[93, 220, 221]

[40, 42, 61, 156, 157, 163, 164, 166, 169, 171]

miR-196a

RPCs

Xenopus laevis

196a: there is no information about this Xenopus laevis miRNA in miRBase

 > hsa-miR-196a-5p MIMAT0000226

UAGGUAGUUUCAUGUUGUUGGG

 > hsa-miR-196a-1-3p MIMAT0037307

CAACAACAUUAAACCACCCGA

Proliferation, differentiation and death of RPCs

[93]

[61, 83, 174]

miR-222

RPCs, RPE

Human, Xenopus laevis, rabbit

 > hsa-miR-222-5p MIMAT0004569

CUCAGUAGCCAGUGUAGAUCCU

 > mmu-miR-222-5p MIMAT0017061

CUCAGUAGCCAGUGUAGAUCC

 > xla-miR-222-5p MIMAT0046544

GCUCAGUAAUCAGUGUAGAUCC

 > hsa-miR-222-3p MIMAT0000279

AGCUACAUCUGGCUACUGGGU

 > mmu-miR-222-3p MIMAT0000670

AGCUACAUCUGGCUACUGGGUCU

 > xla-miR-222-3p MIMAT0046545

AGCUACAUCUGGCUACUGGGUCU

Differentiation and death of RPCs. Highly expressed at early developmental stages in the embryonic retina. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation. Prevent the progression of retinal degeneration

[16, 93, 125, 144, 222]

[82, 83, 154, 165, 173, 174]

miR-214

RPCs, RPE, Müller glia

Human, Xenopus laevis, in vitro Müller glia, mouse

 > hsa-miR-214-5p MIMAT0004564

UGCCUGUCUACACUUGCUGUGC

 > mmu-miR-214-5p MIMAT0004664

UGCCUGUCUACACUUGCUGUGC

 > xla-miR-214-5p MIMAT0046534

GCCUGUCUACACUUGCUGUGC

 > hsa-miR-214-3p MIMAT0000271

ACAGCAGGCACAGACAGGCAGU

 > mmu-miR-214-3p MIMAT0000661

ACAGCAGGCACAGACAGGCAGU

 > xla-miR-214-3p MIMAT0046535

ACAGCAGGCACAGACAGGCAG

 > hsa-miR-24–2-5p MIMAT0004497

UGCCUACUGAGCUGAAACACAG

 > mmu-miR-24–1-5p MIMAT0000218

GUGCCUACUGAGCUGAUAUCAGU

 > xla-miR-24a-5p MIMAT0046550

GUGCCUACUGAACUGAUAUCAGU

Differentiation and death of RPCs. Highly expressed at early developmental stages in the embryonic retina. Upregulated miRNA in RPE during ESC differentiation. Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia. May act directly to either block pathological neovascularization or prevent hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration

[66, 93, 125, 128, 144, 223]

[154]

miR-24

RPE, GCL,INL, retina

Human, ARPE-19, in vitro hESC, mouse, rat

 > hsa-miR-24–2-5p MIMAT0004497

UGCCUACUGAGCUGAAACACAG

 > mmu-miR-24–2-5p MIMAT0005440

GUGCCUACUGAGCUGAAACAGU

 > hsa-miR-24-3p MIMAT0000080

UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG

 > mmu-miR-24-3p MIMAT0000219

UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG

 > hsa-miR-24–1-5p MIMAT0000079

UGCCUACUGAGCUGAUAUCAGU

 > mmu-miR-24–1-5p MIMAT0000218

GUGCCUACUGAGCUGAUAUCAGU

Promoting RPE differentiation. hESC differentiation into RPE cells. Functions as an important regulator of cell death during retinal development by repressing an apoptotic program. Preserve retina from degeneration in rats by downregulating chitinase-3-like protein 1

[101, 107, 123, 124, 129, 224, 225]

[83, 154, 172,173,174]

miR-24a

RPCs, RPE

Xenopus laevis,

 > hsa-miR-24-3p MIMAT0000080

UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG

 > mmu-miR-24-3p MIMAT0000219

UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG

 > xla-miR-24a-3p MIMAT0046551

UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG

 > xla-miR-24b-3p MIMAT0011146

UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAC

Repression of apoptosis in the developing neural retina. Differentiation and death of RPCs. Inhibition during development makes a reduction in eye size due to a serious increase in apoptosis in the retina, whereas overexpression is adequate to prevent apoptosis. Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development. Morpholino-induced inhibition in Xenopus leads to apoptosis of RPCs

[93, 104, 145]

[193]

miR-155

RPCs, retina

Mouse, Xenopus laevis, zebrafish

 > hsa-miR-155-5p MIMAT0000646

UUAAUGCUAAUCGUGAUAGGGGUU

 > mmu-miR-155-5p MIMAT0000165

UUAAUGCUAAUUGUGAUAGGGGU

 > dre-miR-155 MIMAT0001851

UUAAUGCUAAUCGUGAUAGGGG

 > hsa-miR-155-3p MIMAT0004658

CUCCUACAUAUUAGCAUUAACA

 > mmu-miR-155-3p MIMAT0016993

CUCCUACCUGUUAGCAUUAAC

155: there is no information about this Xenopus laevis miRNA in miRBase

Differentiation and death of RPCs. Highly expressed at early developmental stages in the embryonic retina. Potentially beneficial in retinal neovascularization therapy

[93, 99, 144, 147]

[61, 152, 158]

miR-210

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-210-5p MIMAT0026475

AGCCCCUGCCCACCGCACACUG

 > mmu-miR-210-5p MIMAT0017052

AGCCACUGCCCACCGCACACUG

 > hsa-miR-210-3p MIMAT0000267

CUGUGCGUGUGACAGCGGCUGA

 > mmu-miR-210-3p MIMAT0000658

CUGUGCGUGUGACAGCGGCUGA

Function during retinal development

[94, 226]

[40, 156, 159]

miR-17

Retina, GCL,INL, developing retina

Mouse, rabbit

 > hsa-miR-17-5p MIMAT0000070

CAAAGUGCUUACAGUGCAGGUAG

 > mmu-miR-17-5p MIMAT0000649

CAAAGUGCUUACAGUGCAGGUAG

 > ocu-miR-17-5p MIMAT0048109

CAAAGUGCUUACAGUGCAGGUAG

 > hsa-miR-17-3p MIMAT0000071

ACUGCAGUGAAGGCACUUGUAG

 > mmu-miR-17-3p MIMAT0000650

ACUGCAGUGAGGGCACUUGUAG

 > ocu-miR-17-3p MIMAT0048110

ACUGCAGUGAAGGCACUUGUAG

Acts in retinal development. Works as a key regulator of the neurogenic-to-gliogenic transition in neural progenitor cells. Regulates the proliferation and differentiation of RPCs. Regulates mitotic proliferation

[66, 101, 107, 127, 150]

[12, 21, 85, 156, 163, 174]

miR-410

Retina, GCL, INL

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-410-5p MIMAT0026558

AGGUUGUCUGUGAUGAGUUCG

 > mmu-miR-410-5p MIMAT0017172

AGGUUGUCUGUGAUGAGUUCG

 > hsa-miR-410-3p MIMAT0002171

AAUAUAACACAGAUGGCCUGU

 > mmu-miR-410-3p MIMAT0001091

AAUAUAACACAGAUGGCCUGU

Efficiently downregulate VEGF-A expression. Prevent retinal angiogenesis and effectively treat Retinal Neovascularization

[101, 227]

[159, 161]

miR-27a

RPE, GCL, INL, retina

Human, in vitro hESC, mouse

 > hsa-miR-27a-5p MIMAT0004501

AGGGCUUAGCUGCUUGUGAGCA

 > mmu-miR-27a-5p MIMAT0004633

AGGGCUUAGCUGCUUGUGAGCA

 > hsa-miR-27a-3p MIMAT0000084

UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCCGC

 > mmu-miR-27a-3p MIMAT0000537

UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCCGC

Promoting RPE differentiation. hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[101, 107, 124, 129]

[61]

miR-18a

Retina, developing retina

Human, rabbit, zebrafish, mouse

 > hsa-miR-18a-5p MIMAT0000072

UAAGGUGCAUCUAGUGCAGAUAG

 > mmu-miR-18a-5p MIMAT0000528

UAAGGUGCAUCUAGUGCAGAUAG

 > ocu-miR-18a-5p MIMAT0048111

UAAGGUGCAUCUAGUGCAGAUAG

 > dre-miR-18a MIMAT0001779

UAAGGUGCAUCUAGUGCAGAUA

 > hsa-miR-18a-3p MIMAT0002891

ACUGCCCUAAGUGCUCCUUCUGG

 > mmu-miR-18a-3p MIMAT0004626

ACUGCCCUAAGUGCUCCUUCUG

 > ocu-miR-18a-3p MIMAT0048112

ACUGCCCUAAGUGCUCCUUCUGGC

Sensory perception of light. Rhodopsin-like receptor activity. Regulates NeuroD and photoreceptor differentiation in the Retina. Regulates mitotic proliferation

[107, 127, 149]

[12, 85]

miR-130b

Retina, developing retina

Rabbit, mouse

 > hsa-miR-130b-5p MIMAT0004680

ACUCUUUCCCUGUUGCACUAC

 > mmu-miR-130b-5p MIMAT0004583

ACUCUUUCCCUGUUGCACUACU

 > ocu-miR-130b-5p MIMAT0048219

ACUCUUUCCCUGUUGCACUACU

 > hsa-miR-130b-3p MIMAT0000691

CAGUGCAAUGAUGAAAGGGCAU

 > mmu-miR-130b-3p MIMAT0000387

CAGUGCAAUGAUGAAAGGGCAU

 > ocu-miR-130b-3p MIMAT0048220

CAGUGCAAUGAUGAAAGGGCAU

Play a role in retinal development

[107, 127]

[193]

miR-20a

Retina, RPE, developing retina

In vitro hESC, mouse, rabbit

 > hsa-miR-20a-5p MIMAT0000075

UAAAGUGCUUAUAGUGCAGGUAG

 > mmu-miR-20a-5p MIMAT0000529

UAAAGUGCUUAUAGUGCAGGUAG

 > ocu-miR-20a-5p MIMAT0048120

UAAAGUGCUUAUAGUGCAGGUAG

 > hsa-miR-20a-3p MIMAT0004493

ACUGCAUUAUGAGCACUUAAAG

 > mmu-miR-20a-3p MIMAT0004627

ACUGCAUUACGAGCACUUAAAG

 > ocu-miR-20a-3p MIMAT0048121

ACUGCAUUAUGAGCACUUAAAGU

Play a role in retinal development. hESC differentiation into RPE cells. Regulates mitotic proliferation

[107, 124, 127]

[12, 85, 163]

miR-19a

Retina, INL, GCL, RPE, developing retina

In vitro hESC, rabbit, zebrafish, mouse

 > hsa-miR-19a-5p MIMAT0004490

AGUUUUGCAUAGUUGCACUACA

 > mmu-miR-19a-5p MIMAT0004660

UAGUUUUGCAUAGUUGCACUAC

 > ocu-miR-19a-5p MIMAT0048115

AGUUUUGCAUAGUUGCACUAC

 > dre-miR-19a-5p MIMAT0003398

CUAGUUUUGCAUAGUUGCACUA

 > hsa-miR-19a-3p MIMAT0000073

UGUGCAAAUCUAUGCAAAACUGA

 > mmu-miR-19a-3p MIMAT0000651

UGUGCAAAUCUAUGCAAAACUGA

 > ocu-miR-19a-3p MIMAT0048116

UGUGCAAAUCUAUGCAAAACUGA

 > dre-miR-19a-3p MIMAT0001782

UGUGCAAAUCUAUGCAAAACUGA

Play a role in retinal development. Regulates mitotic proliferation. hESC differentiation into RPE cells. Its intravitreal injection advances axon regeneration after optic nerve crush in adult mice, and it increases axon extension in RGCs isolated from aged human donors

[99, 107, 124, 127, 228]

[12, 21, 40, 70, 85, 156, 163, 169]

miR-93

Retina, developing retina

Rabbit, mouse

 > hsa-miR-93-5p MIMAT0000093

CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG

 > mmu-miR-93-5p MIMAT0000540

CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG

 > ocu-miR-93-5p MIMAT0048176

CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG

 > hsa-miR-93-3p MIMAT0004509

ACUGCUGAGCUAGCACUUCCCG

 > mmu-miR-93-3p MIMAT0004636

ACUGCUGAGCUAGCACUUCCCG

 > ocu-miR-93-3p MIMAT0048177

ACUGCUGAGCUAGCACUUCCCGA

Play a role in retinal development. Regulates mitotic proliferation. Overexpression significantly diminished microglial proliferation migration and cytokine release which was associated with a decrease in loss of RGCs

[107, 127, 229]

[193]

miR-93-5p

RGC

Mouse, rat

 > hsa-miR-93-5p MIMAT0000093

CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG

 > mmu-miR-93-5p MIMAT0000540

CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG

 > rno-miR-93-5p MIMAT0000817

CAAAGUGCUGUUCGUGCAGGUAG

Retinal development, (Axon guidance). Upregulation of miR-93-5p binding with PTEN suppressed the autophagy of RGCs through AKT/mTOR pathway in NMDA-induced glaucoma

[133, 230]

[83]

miR-15b

Retina, GCL, INL, RPE, developing retina

ARPE-19, mouse, rabbit

 > hsa-miR-15b-5p MIMAT0000417

UAGCAGCACAUCAUGGUUUACA

 > mmu-miR-15b-5p MIMAT0000124

UAGCAGCACAUCAUGGUUUACA

 > ocu-miR-15b-5p MIMAT0048103

UAGCAGCACAUCAUGGUUUACA

 > hsa-miR-15b-3p MIMAT0004586

CGAAUCAUUAUUUGCUGCUCUA

 > mmu-miR-15b-3p MIMAT0004521

CGAAUCAUUAUUUGCUGCUCUA

 > ocu-miR-15b-3p MIMAT0048104

CGAAUCAUAAUUUGCUGCUCUA

Play a role in retinal development. Participates in the inhibition of insulin resistance in diabetic retina. Regulates mitotic proliferation

[101, 107, 127, 137]

[61, 83]

miR-19b

Retina, developing retina

Mouse, rabbit

 > hsa-miR-19b-2-5p MIMAT0004492

AGUUUUGCAGGUUUGCAUUUCA

 > mmu-miR-19b-2-5p MIMAT0017010

AGUUUUGCAGAUUUGCAGUUCAGC

 > ocu-miR-19b-2-5p MIMAT0048119

AGUUUUGCAGGUUUGCAUUUC

 > hsa-miR-19b-3p MIMAT0000074

UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA

 > mmu-miR-19b-3p MIMAT0000513

UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA

 > ocu-miR-19b-3p MIMAT0048118

UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA

 > hsa-miR-19b-1-5p MIMAT0004491

AGUUUUGCAGGUUUGCAUCCAGC

 > mmu-miR-19b-1-5p MIMAT0017065

AGUUUUGCAGGUUUGCAUCCAGC

 > ocu-miR-19b-5p MIMAT0048117

AGUUUUGCAGGUUUGCAUCCAGC

Play a role in retinal development. Regulates mitotic proliferation

[107, 127]

[12, 85, 163, 174]

miR-19b-3p

RPE

In vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-19b-3p MIMAT0000074

UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA

 > mmu-miR-19b-3p MIMAT0000513

UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124]

[83, 172]

miR-151b

RPE

Human

 > hsa-miR-151b MIMAT0010214

UCGAGGAGCUCACAGUCU

Upregulated in RPE during ESC differentiation

[125]

[231]

miR-25

MGDP cells, developing retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-25-5p MIMAT0004498

AGGCGGAGACUUGGGCAAUUG

 > mmu-miR-25-5p MIMAT0017049

AGGCGGAGACUUGGGCAAUUGC

 > hsa-miR-25-3p MIMAT0000081

CAUUGCACUUGUCUCGGUCUGA

 > mmu-miR-25-3p MIMAT0000652

CAUUGCACUUGUCUCGGUCUGA

Reprogram mouse Müller glia into neural progenitors in vitro. Regulates mitotic proliferation

[107, 108]

[83, 172]

miR-132

RGC, CMZ, INL, GCL, RPE, retina

Mouse, zebrafish

 > hsa-miR-132-5p MIMAT0004594

ACCGUGGCUUUCGAUUGUUACU

 > mmu-miR-132-5p MIMAT0016984

AACCGUGGCUUUCGAUUGUUAC

 > dre-miR-132-5p MIMAT0003403

ACCGUGGCAUUAGAUUGUUACU

 > hsa-miR-132-3p MIMAT0000426

UAACAGUCUACAGCCAUGGUCG

 > mmu-miR-132-3p MIMAT0000144

UAACAGUCUACAGCCAUGGUCG

 > dre-miR-132-3p MIMAT0001829

UAACAGUCUACAGCCAUGGUCG

Branching of RGC axons

[65, 99, 101, 107, 232]

[154, 156, 160, 167]

miR-449

RPE

Zebrafish

449: there is no information about this zebrafish miRNA in miRBase

 > hsa-miR-449a MIMAT0001541

UGGCAGUGUAUUGUUAGCUGGU

 > hsa-miR-449c-5p MIMAT0010251

UAGGCAGUGUAUUGCUAGCGGCUGU

 > hsa-miR-449c-3p MIMAT0013771

UUGCUAGUUGCACUCCUCUCUGU

 > hsa-miR-449b-5p MIMAT0003327

AGGCAGUGUAUUGUUAGCUGGC

 > hsa-miR-449b-3p MIMAT0009203

CAGCCACAACUACCCUGCCACU

Consistently upregulated along with the RPE differentiation

[126]

[174]

miR-361

Retina

Human

 > hsa-miR-361-5p MIMAT0000703

UUAUCAGAAUCUCCAGGGGUAC

 > mmu-miR-361-5p MIMAT0000704

UUAUCAGAAUCUCCAGGGGUAC

 > hsa-miR-361-3p MIMAT0004682

UCCCCCAGGUGUGAUUCUGAUUU

 > mmu-miR-361-3p MIMAT0017075

UCCCCCAGGUGUGAUUCUGAUUUGU

Overexpression of miR-361-5p might act as a suppressor in retinoblastoma. miR-361-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in the carcinogenesis and progression of retinoblastoma

[97, 233, 234]

[154]

miR-130a

GCL, INL, RPE, developing retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-130a-5p MIMAT0004593

GCUCUUUUCACAUUGUGCUACU

 > mmu-miR-130a-5p MIMAT0016983

GCUCUUUUCACAUUGUGCUACU

 > hsa-miR-130a-3p MIMAT0000425

CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU

 > mmu-miR-130a-3p MIMAT0000141

CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU

Regulates mitotic proliferation

[101, 107]

[156, 160, 167]

miR-130a-3p

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-130a-3p MIMAT0000425

CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU

 > mmu-miR-130a-3p MIMAT0000141

CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU

Retinal development

[133]

[83]

miR-320

RPE, developing retina

ARPE-19, mouse

 > hsa-miR-320a-5p MIMAT0037311

GCCUUCUCUUCCCGGUUCUUCC

 > mmu-miR-320-5p MIMAT0017057

GCCUUCUCUUCCCGGUUCUUCC

 > hsa-miR-320a-3p MIMAT0000510

AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGGCGA

 > mmu-miR-320-3p MIMAT0000666

AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGGCGA

 > hsa-miR-320b MIMAT0005792

AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGGCAA

 > hsa-miR-320d MIMAT0006764

AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGA

 > hsa-miR-320e MIMAT0015072

AAAGCUGGGUUGAGAAGG

 > hsa-miR-320c MIMAT0005793

AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGGU

Regulate RPE cell growth, differentiation or development

[107, 123]

[3, 83, 154]

miR-149

GCL, INL, RPE

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-149-5p MIMAT0000450

UCUGGCUCCGUGUCUUCACUCCC

 > mmu-miR-149-5p MIMAT0000159

UCUGGCUCCGUGUCUUCACUCCC

 > hsa-miR-149-3p MIMAT0004609

AGGGAGGGACGGGGGCUGUGC

 > mmu-miR-149-3p MIMAT0016990

GAGGGAGGGACGGGGGCGGUGC

ND

[101]

[154]

miR-296-5p

GCL, INL, RPE

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-296-5p MIMAT0000690

AGGGCCCCCCCUCAAUCCUGU

 > mmu-miR-296-5p MIMAT0000374

AGGGCCCCCCCUCAAUCCUGU

ND

[101]

[154]

miR-328

GCL, INL, RPE

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-328-5p MIMAT0026486

GGGGGGGCAGGAGGGGCUCAGGG

 > mmu-miR-328-5p MIMAT0017030

GGGGGGCAGGAGGGGCUCAGGG

 > hsa-miR-328-3p MIMAT0000752

CUGGCCCUCUCUGCCCUUCCGU

 > mmu-miR-328-3p MIMAT0000565

CUGGCCCUCUCUGCCCUUCCGU

Promotion of RPE proliferation

[101, 235]

[166]

miR-294

GCL, INL, RPE

Mouse

 > mmu-miR-294-5p MIMAT0004574

ACUCAAAAUGGAGGCCCUAUCU

 > mmu-miR-294-3p MIMAT0000372

AAAGUGCUUCCCUUUUGUGUGU

294: there is no information about this human miRNA in miRBase

May keep Müller cells pluripotency

[101, 236]

[156]

miR-221

GCL, INL

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-221-5p MIMAT0004568

ACCUGGCAUACAAUGUAGAUUU

 > mmu-miR-221-5p MIMAT0017060

ACCUGGCAUACAAUGUAGAUUUCUGU

 > hsa-miR-221-3p MIMAT0000278

AGCUACAUUGUCUGCUGGGUUUC

 > mmu-miR-221-3p MIMAT0000669

AGCUACAUUGUCUGCUGGGUUUC

ND

[101]

[3, 40, 83, 153, 154, 156, 157, 165, 173, 174]

miR-15a

GCL, developing retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-15a-5p MIMAT0000068

UAGCAGCACAUAAUGGUUUGUG

 > mmu-miR-15a-5p MIMAT0000526

UAGCAGCACAUAAUGGUUUGUG

 > hsa-miR-15a-3p MIMAT0004488

CAGGCCAUAUUGUGCUGCCUCA

 > mmu-miR-15a-3p MIMAT0004624

CAGGCCAUACUGUGCUGCCUCA

Anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic action of miR-15a in DR

[101, 107, 237]

[61]

miR-15a-5p

RPE

In vitro hESC

 > hsa-miR-15a-5p MIMAT0000068

UAGCAGCACAUAAUGGUUUGUG

 > mmu-miR-15a-5p MIMAT0000526

UAGCAGCACAUAAUGGUUUGUG

hESC differentiation into RPE cells

[124]

[83]

miR-223

GCL, INL

Mouse, zebrafish

 > hsa-miR-223-5p MIMAT0004570

CGUGUAUUUGACAAGCUGAGUU

 > mmu-miR-223-5p MIMAT0017056

CGUGUAUUUGACAAGCUGAGUUG

 > hsa-miR-223-3p MIMAT0000280

UGUCAGUUUGUCAAAUACCCCA

 > mmu-miR-223-3p MIMAT0000665

UGUCAGUUUGUCAAAUACCCCA

 > dre-miR-223 MIMAT0001290

UGUCAGUUUGUCAAAUACCCC

Necessary for maintaining normal retinal function as well as regulating inflammation in microglia and macrophages. Key role in zebrafish optic nerve regeneration. Upregulation of miR-223 in RGCs via intravitreal injection protected RGC axons in the optic nerve from degeneration

[101, 238,239,240,241]

[21, 61, 70, 156, 158, 174]

miR-497

GCL, INL

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-497-5p MIMAT0002820

CAGCAGCACACUGUGGUUUGU

 > mmu-miR-497a-5p MIMAT0003453

CAGCAGCACACUGUGGUUUGUA

 > mmu-miR-497b MIMAT0031404

CACCACAGUGUGGUUUGGACGUGG

 > hsa-miR-497-3p MIMAT0004768

CAAACCACACUGUGGUGUUAGA

 > mmu-miR-497a-3p MIMAT0017247

CAAACCACACUGUGGUGUUAG

Functions as a tumor suppressor in the carcinogenesis and progression of retinoblastoma via targeting VEGF-A. Metformin may obstruct the VEGF-A protein translation via inducing a VEGF-A-targeting microRNA, microRNA-497a-5p, resulting in reduced retina neovascularization

[101, 242, 243]

[176]

miR-28

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-28-5p MIMAT0000085

AAGGAGCUCACAGUCUAUUGAG

 > mmu-miR-28a-5p MIMAT0000653

AAGGAGCUCACAGUCUAUUGAG

 > mmu-miR-28c MIMAT0019339

AGGAGCUCACAGUCUAUUGA

 > mmu-miR-28b MIMAT0019354

AGGAGCUCACAAUCUAUUUAG

 > hsa-miR-28-3p MIMAT0004502

CACUAGAUUGUGAGCUCCUGGA

 > mmu-miR-28a-3p MIMAT0004661

CACUAGAUUGUGAGCUGCUGGA

Inhibits differentiation of MGDPs toward a photoreceptor lineage fate. Potentially regulates the photoreceptor lineage commitment of MGDPs

[60, 141]

[82]

miR-99a

Müller glia

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-99a-5p MIMAT0000097

AACCCGUAGAUCCGAUCUUGUG

 > mmu-miR-99a-5p MIMAT0000131

AACCCGUAGAUCCGAUCUUGUG

 > hsa-miR-99a-3p MIMAT0004511

CAAGCUCGCUUCUAUGGGUCUG

 > mmu-miR-99a-3p MIMAT0016981

CAAGCUCGUUUCUAUGGGUCU

Increasing expression from young to adult Müller glia

[66]

[174]

miR-199a

Müller glia

In vitro Müller glia

 > hsa-miR-199a-5p MIMAT0000231

CCCAGUGUUCAGACUACCUGUUC

 > mmu-miR-199a-5p MIMAT0000229

CCCAGUGUUCAGACUACCUGUUC

 > hsa-miR-199a-3p MIMAT0000232

ACAGUAGUCUGCACAUUGGUUA

 > mmu-miR-199a-3p MIMAT0000230

ACAGUAGUCUGCACAUUGGUUA

Increased expression in in vitro Müller glia

[66]

[61, 83, 154, 156, 161, 165, 175]

miR-140

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-140-5p MIMAT0000431

CAGUGGUUUUACCCUAUGGUAG

 > mmu-miR-140-5p MIMAT0000151

CAGUGGUUUUACCCUAUGGUAG

 > hsa-miR-140-3p MIMAT0004597

UACCACAGGGUAGAACCACGG

 > mmu-miR-140-3p MIMAT0000152

UACCACAGGGUAGAACCACGG

MiR-140-5p suppresses retinoblastoma cell growth by inhibiting c-Met/AKT/mTOR pathway. Intravitreal delivery offers protection in preventing oxidative stress mediated retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury

[106, 107, 244, 245]

[162]

miR-151-5p

Retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-151a-5p MIMAT0004697

UCGAGGAGCUCACAGUCUAGU

 > mmu-miR-151-5p MIMAT0004536

UCGAGGAGCUCACAGUCUAGU

ND

[107]

[154, 156]

miR-195

Mature retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-195-5p MIMAT0000461

UAGCAGCACAGAAAUAUUGGC

 > mmu-miR-195a-5p MIMAT0000225

UAGCAGCACAGAAAUAUUGGC

 > hsa-miR-195-3p MIMAT0004615

CCAAUAUUGGCUGUGCUGCUCC

 > mmu-miR-195a-3p MIMAT0017000

CCAAUAUUGGCUGUGCUGCUCC

 > mmu-miR-195b MIMAT0025076

UAGCAGCACAGAAAUAGUAGAA

ND

[107]

[83, 165]

miR-423-5p

Developing retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-423-5p MIMAT0004748

UGAGGGGCAGAGAGCGAGACUUU

 > mmu-miR-423-5p MIMAT0004825

UGAGGGGCAGAGAGCGAGACUUU

ND

[107]

[3, 82]

miR-374

Developing retina

Mouse

 > hsa-miR-374a-5p MIMAT0000727

UUAUAAUACAACCUGAUAAGUG

 > hsa-miR-374a-3p MIMAT0004688

CUUAUCAGAUUGUAUUGUAAUU

 > hsa-miR-374b-5p MIMAT0004955

AUAUAAUACAACCUGCUAAGUG

 > mmu-miR-374b-5p MIMAT0003727

AUAUAAUACAACCUGCUAAGUG

 > hsa-miR-374b-3p MIMAT0004956

CUUAGCAGGUUGUAUUAUCAUU

 > mmu-miR-374b-3p MIMAT0003728

GGUUGUAUUAUCAUUGUCCGAG

 > hsa-miR-374c-5p MIMAT0018443

AUAAUACAACCUGCUAAGUGCU

 > mmu-miR-374c-5p MIMAT0014953

AUAAUACAACCUGCUAAGUG

 > hsa-miR-374c-3p MIMAT0022735

CACUUAGCAGGUUGUAUUAUAU

 > mmu-miR-374c-3p MIMAT0014954

ACUUAGCAGGUUGUAUUAU

miR‐374 can work with miR‐23a to cooperatively regulate the expression of Brn3b, thereby influencing RGC development. miR‐374a is a negative regulator of Fas death receptor which is able to enhance the cell survival and protect RPE cells against oxidative conditions

[107, 202, 246, 247]

[83]

  1. ILM, inner limiting membrane; GCL, ganglion cell layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; IS, inner segment of photoreceptors; OS, outer segment of photoreceptors; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; MGDP, Müller glia-derived progenitor cells; CMZ, ciliary margin zone; RPC, retinal progenitor cells; RSC, retinal stem cells; ESC, embryonic stem cells; hESC, human embryonic stem cells; hPESC, human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells; AMD, age-related macular degeneration; DR, diabetic retinopathy; ND, not defined. Human: Homo sapiens (hsa); Medaka fish: Oryzias latipes (ola); Mouse: Mus musculus (mmu); Rabbit: Oryctolagus cuniculus (ocu); Rat: Rattus norvegicus (rno); Xenopus laevis (xla); Zebrafish: Danio rerio (dre). All miRNA sequences are taken from www.mirbase.org