Fig. 6

SPIONs promote the high expression of TRAF1 in MSCs to enhance their immune regulation. A The thermogram shows that expression of the gene set was significantly upregulated in SPION-MSCs compared with MSCs, and signal pathway enrichment analysis was carried out according to the mRNA sequencing results. B mRNA levels of TRAF1 and TRAF2 in the MSCs stimulated with 200 µg/ml SPIONs measured at 24, 48 and 72 h. C Protein levels of TRAF1, p65, p-p65, Cox2 and GAPDH in the MSCs stimulated with 200 µg/ml SPIONs or 10 ng/ml TNF-α. D PGE2 in culture supernatants was measured by ELISAs. E Protein levels of TRAF1, p65, p-p65, Cox2 and GAPDH in MSCs stimulated with 200 µg/ml SPIONs at 24, 48 and 72 h. Data with error bars are presented as the mean ± SD. Each panel is a representative experiment of at least three independent biological replicates. Scale bars, 50 mm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 as determined by unpaired Student’s t-test