Fig. 4

Proteomic analyses highlight potential functional roles for F1-EV cargo proteins. a Normalized abundance values for F1-EV and S2-EV cargo proteins were calculated following LC–MS/MS, and log2 fold-change (FC) values were calculated by comparing the relative abundance of a given protein in F1-EV and S2-EV samples. Green lines correspond to a |log2(FC)|≥ 2.0, and the horizontal gray line corresponds to the arbitrary threshold for highly abundant proteins used in GO/KEGG pathway analyses. b Top GO terms and KEGG pathways corresponding to highly abundant proteins that were preferentially enriched in F1-EVs (|log2(FC)|≥ 2.0; relative abundance ≥ 10⁸; n = 128), as calculated using the DAVID bioinformatics database c Heatmaps demonstrating the relative abundance of proteins in the Proteasome, Ribosome, and Spliceosome KEGG pathways in F1-EV and S2-EV samples. d Cytoscape functional analyses identifying three major functional protein clusters enriched in F1-EV cargo proteins: the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and the proteasome, spliceosome, and ribosomal proteins clusters. Colors correspond to relative protein expression levels, and proteins are clustered according to predicted functions. Darker colors indicate a higher level of expression/interaction relative to lighter colors