Fig. 3

Single immunoconfocal localization of DAPI (blue color) and SSEA1 (red color) with ET-1, ICAM-1, IL-1 beta, AP-2, BDNF, and VEGF (green color) in carotid artery wall. DAPI can be seen before LED irradiation and at 1 day and 7 days after LED irradiation. SSEA1 is not visible before LED irradiation and at 1 day and 7 days in LED alone group, but is strongly visible at 1 day and 7 days after iPSC treatment. ET-1, ICAM-1, and IL-1 beta are rarely seen in CCA artery wall before LED irradiation. However, ET-1, ICAM-1, and IL-1 beta are stained strongly at 1 day and 7 days in LED alone group, but their immunofluorescence is reduced after iPSCs treatment. AP-2, BDNF and VEGF are mildly expressed in CCA artery wall before LED irradiation. However, the expressions of AP-2, BDNF and VEGF are reduced in LED alone group at 1 day and 7 days. After iPSCs treatment, the expressions of AP-2, BDNF and VEGF are increased. AP-2 = angiopoietin-2; BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor; DAPI = 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; ET-1 = endothelin-1; ICAM-1 = intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IL-1 = interleukin 1 beta; iPSCs = mouse induced pleuripotent stem cells; LED = light-emitting diode; SSEA1 = stage-specific embryonic antigen 1; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor