Fig. 1
From: Biliary atresia-specific deciduous pulp stem cells feature biliary deficiency
Characterization of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth from biliary atresia patients (BA-SHED) and healthy donors (Cont-SHED). a–c Representative images show the attached colonies by toluidine blue staining. Lower (a) and higher (b) magnification. The graph shows the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) per 1 × 105 seeding cells (c). d, e The graphs show the cell proliferation ability by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (d) and population doubling (PD; e) assays. (f) The graph shows the telomerase activity by telomerase activity test. H.I.: heat inactivation. (g) Representative histograms of cell surface antigens were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. The numbers indicate the means ± standard error of mean (SEM) of a positive rate of target markers. Areas filled with red; target antibody-stained histograms; solid lines; isotype-matched control-stained histograms. h, i Multipotency after adipogenic (Ad), chondrogenic (Ch), and odontogenic/osteogenic (Od/Os) induction. The graphs show the expression of lineage-specific genes by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results are shown as ratios to Cont-SHED (Cont-SHED = 1). BGLAP, bone gamma-carboxyglutamine protein; Col10a1, type X collagen, alpha 1; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; PPARG2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2; RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2; SOX9, SRY-box 9 (h). Representative images show the lineage-specific matrix formation by Oil Red O, Alcian blue, and Alizarin Red S staining (i). c–f, h: n = 3 for all groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005. The graph bars represent the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM)