Fig. 4

ADSC-EVs shifted microglia polarization to M2 phenotype under LPS or OGD induction. A PKH-26 labeled ADSC-EVs (Red) were taken up by Iba1⁺ primary microglia (Green). PKH-26 labeled ADSC-EVs were incubated with primary microglia for 6 h. Scale bar = 10 μm. White arrows indicated ADSC-EVs internalized by cultured microglia. B Twenty-four hours after co-incubation with 0, 20, or 40 μg/ml ADSC-EVs, the expression of Arg-1 and proinflammatory marker CD16, IL1-β, TNF-α in primary microglia were detected by qPCR. n = 3. C Twenty-four hours after 0, 20, or 40 μg/ml ADSC-EVs pretreatment, primary microglia were subjected to 50 ng/ml LPS for 6 h. Then the expression of Arg-1 and CD16 were detected by qPCR. n = 3 per group. D After 1 h of OGD, primary microglia were subjected to normoxia and glucose synchronously post-treated with 0, 20, or 40 μg/ml ADSC-EVs for 24 h. Then the expression of Arg-1 and CD16 were detected by qPCR. n = 6 per group. E The expression of inflammatory factors (IL1β, TNF-α and iNOS) under LPS induction were detected by qPCR. n = 3 per group. The data were the mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001