Origin of exosome | Experimental subject | Delivery way | Function | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Human adipose MSCs, bone marrow MSCs and dental pulp stem cells | Glaucoma rats | Intravitreal injection | Inhibit RGC loss and retinal nerve fibre layer thinning while preserving RGC function | Mead et al. [138] |
Human umbilical cord MSCs and allogeneic mice adipose MSCs derived exosomes | Laser induced retinal injury mouse | Intravitreal injection | Down-regulated MCP-1 expression, reduce photoreceptor cell death and retinal injury | Yu et al. [139] |
Human bone marrow MSCs derived exosomes | Optic nerve compression rats | Intravitreal injection | Promote RGC survival and axon regeneration, partially prevent RGC axon loss and RGC dysfunction | Mead et al. [133] |
Human bone marrow MSCs derived exosomes | Oxygen induced retinopathy mouse | Intravitreal injection | Reduce the severity of retinal ischemia | Moisseiev et al. [140] |
Human bone marrow MSCs derived exosomes | Hereditary glaucoma DBA/2J mouse | Intravitreal injection | Protect the optic nerve, preserve the number of RGC and prevent axonal degeneration | Mead et al. [141] |
Allogeneic rabbit adipose MSCs derived exosomes | STZ induced diabetic rabbits | Intravenous, intraocular or subconjunctival injection | Increase micRNA-222, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effects | Safwat et al. [129] |
Human umbilical cord MSCs derived exosomes | Diabetic rats | Intravitreal injection | Reduce inflammation in the retina | Zhang et al. [130] |
Human MSCs derived exosomes | Retinal ischemia rats | Intravitreal injection | Enhance the recovery of retinal function and reduce neuroinflammation and apoptosis | Mathew et al. [142] |
Allogeneic rats bone marrow MSCs derived exosomes | Retinal detachment rats | Subretinal injection | Inhibit the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells, maintain the normal retinal structure, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects | Ma et al. [131] |