Table 1 Animal studies for cell-based PDL regeneration of avulsed teeth

Dangaria et al. [42]

Rat

Molars

None

4 d

Xenogenic PDLPCs

I. No cell

Cells seeded onto entire root, 3 d incubation

6 months

I. Lost, resorbed or ankylosed

II. Seeded m PDL pro cells

II. PDL fully formed

Demirel et al. [43]

Rat

Incisor

RCT before replant

1 h air dry

AdSCs (litter mates)

I. Control no cells

2 months

Level of new PDL regeneration: III(92.0)>II(78.0)>I(63.9)

Level of Ankylosis: I(20.8)>II(15.6)>III(7.7)

Level of Inflammatory resorption: I(13.5)>II(5.0)>III(0)

II. Fibrin sealant

II. Fibrin sealant into sock before replant

III. ATSCs + Fibrin sealant

III. ATSCs + Fibrin sealant into socket before replant

Zhou et al. [11]

Dog

Premolar

RCT before replant

2 d

Auto PDL Fbs,

I. Control no cells

II. Cell sheet

Multi-layer cell sheet, wrapped onto root, replant back to same socket

8 wks

Cell sheet group had ~9x better PDL healing and ~8-fold less replacement resorption

Zhao et al. [10]

Dog

Incisors

2 wks after replant

2 h dry

Auto PDLSCs

I. Cell sheet/PRF

II. Cell sheet

III. PRF

IV. No graft (control)

Cell sheet and or PRF cut into fragments and filled into socket before replant

8 wks

Level of new PDL regeneration: I(45.8)*>II(35.9)>III(30.4)>IV(12.5)

Level of replacement resorption: IV(30.4)>III(16.1)>II(14.1)>I(6.9)

Level of surface resorption: III(51.8)>I(47.2)>IV(39.3)>II(39.1)

Level of inflammatory resorption : IV(17.9)>II(10.9)>III(1.8)>I(0)

Lee et al. [12]

Dog

Premolar

RCT before replant

5 d

Auto PDLSCs

I. Control no cells

Root surface coating with Fn and/or CaP

8 wks

PDL space

Ankylosis

w/o root resorp

w root resop

Resorp + Ankylosis

II. Fn coating + cells

Cells seeded onto entire root, 60 h incubation

PDLSC(+):

60.9*

39.1

38.9

22.7

38.4

III. CaP coating + cells

PDLSC(-):

33.7

66.3

-

-

100

IV. CaP/Fn coating + cells