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Fig. 1 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 modulates mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor regulation

Fig. 1

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BmMSCs) deficient in G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (Grk3-/-) and Grk3-deficient shRNA knockdown BmMSCs have enhanced osteogenic differentiation in comparison with wildtype (WT) or nontarget knockdown (NT) control BmMSCs. (A) Multipotent differentiation of BmMSCs isolated ex vivo from Grk3-/- and WT mice into chondrocytes (Alcian Blue stain), adipocytes (Oil Red O stain), and osteoblasts (Alizarin Red stain) at day 21; images acquired at 10X magnification. Differentiation analyses n = 3 chondrogenic/adipogenic and n = 10 osteogenic, passages 7–11. (B) Time-course Grk3-/- and WT BmMSC osteogenic differentiation (Alizarin Red stain) at 2X magnification. Representative images, n = 4, passages 10 and 11. (C) shRNA Nontarget (NT) control and GRK3-knockdown (GRK3-KD) BmMSCs have comparable adipogenic differentiation (Oil Red O stain); however, GRK3-KD BmMSCs show enhanced osteogenic differentiation (Alizarin Red stain), similar to BmMSCs isolated from Grk3-/- mice. Images captured at 10X magnification using the Olympus 1X-81 microscope and MetaMorph software

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