Table 1 Regeneration of DMSC sheets in different study models
Dental stem cells | Tissue regeneration | Study model | Effect | Additional treatment | Cell sheet pretreatment time | Treatment time | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DPSCs | Dental tissue | Immunodeficient mice subcutaneous space | Pulp-like tissue was observed in root canal | Rod-like structure based on single layer cell sheet | 4Â days | 6Â weeks | Itoh et al. [27] |
|  |  | Swine experimental periodontal bone defects | Alveolar bone and soft tissue recovered significantly | – | 10–15 days | 12 weeks | Hu et al. [29] |
|  |  | Root | Periodontal tissue-like fibres, dentin formation | TDM | – | 12 weeks | Meng et al. [32] |
| Â | Â | Immunodeficient mice subcutaneous | Higher blood-perfused vessel density | Recellularization and decellularization | 14Â days | 30Â days | Alghutaimel et al. [33] |
|  |  | Beagle dogs root canal | Neovascularization, formation of dental Pulp-like tissues and mineralized structures | Decellularization | – | 8 weeks | Alqahtani et al. [34] |
| Â | Bone | Mouse calvarial defects | Bone regeneration, cell sheet was in situ whole period | TH | 14Â days | 8Â weeks | Fujii et al. [35] |
| Â | Â | Mouse calvarial defects | New bone formation, osteogenic differentiation in vitro | TH | 14Â days | 8Â weeks | Sato et al. [36] |
|  |  | In vitro | More osteoblasts, bone matrix protein and calcified matrix moved to bone defect | Spherical tissue-engineered structure | 5 weeks | – | Tatsuhiro et al. [38] |
|  | Facial nerve | Rat facial nerve crush injury | Promoted axon extension, enhanced nerve regeneration | – | 10–12 days | 3 weeks | Ahmed et al. [40] |
|  | Corneal | Rabbits LSCD | Functional regeneration and transparency of damaged corneas; expressed limbal stem cell markers | – | 3 days | 3 months | Gomes et al. [46] |
PDLSCs | Periodontal tissue | Sheep mandible periodontal defects | Alveolar bone, thin cementum and periodontal fibres regeneration | Biphasic scaffold | 7Â days | 5 and 10Â weeks | Vaquette et al. [50] |
|  |  | Immunodeficient mice dorsal surface | PDL-like dense collagen fibres, vascular regeneration | Titanium rod | 6–10 days | 8 weeks | Gao et al. [54] |
| Â | Â | Immunodeficient mice subcutaneous implantation | PDL-like fibrous structure and mineralized tissue formation | Self-form cylindrical structure | 7/14Â days | 4Â weeks | Basu et al. [55] |
| Â | Â | Nude mice subcutaneous | Cementum-like mineralized tissue and vertical or oblique insertion of collagen fibre onto the MBCP structure surface | rhBMP-2 | 14Â days | 4Â weeks | Park et al. [57] |
|  |  | Beagle dogs mandibular bone defect | PDL-like fibrous tissue was observed on the surface of the implant | Titanium rod | 10 days | 6 weeks | Washio et al. [58] |
| Â | Bone | Nude mice subcutaneous | Promote PDLSC proliferation, induce osteogenic differentiation and bone-like tissues | PRF | 14Â days | 8Â weeks | Wang et al. [60] |
| Â | Â | Nude mice dorsa | Osteogenic related genes and proteins significantly improved; more bone formation | Osthole | 10Â days | 4Â weeks | Gao et al. [63] |
| Â | Â | Nude mice dorsa | More new bone formation | AuNPs | 7Â days | 4/8Â weeks | Zhang et al. [65] |
| Â | Â | Nude mice subcutaneous | Osteogenic differentiation was improved | Indirectly cocultured | 10Â days | 6Â weeks | Wu et al. [67] |
| Â | Â | Rat maxillary defects and immunocompromised mice subcutaneous | More COL4A2 expression, more compact, thicker newly formed bone, thicker and denser collagen fibres | PDLSC cultured on B-dECM or P-dECM | 10Â days | 8Â weeks | Wen et al. [72] |
|  | Corneal | In vitro | Promote PDLSC differentiated into keratinocytes | Mechanical stimulation | 12 days | – | Li et al. [75] |
DFSCs | Periodontal tissue | Rat omenta | Cementum and periodontal ligament-like tissue regeneration | Co-cultured with HERS | 3Â weeks | 5Â weeks | Bai et al. [78] |
|  |  | Nude mice under the renal capsule | Periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone regeneration | DDM | 9–11 days | 4 and 8 weeks | Feng et al. [80] |
|  |  | Rat calvarial bone defect | New bone, periodontal-like tissues formation | – | 2 weeks | 2, 4, and 8 weeks | Yang et al. [81] |
ABMSCs | Bone | Rabbit bone defect | Bone-like tissue formation | – | 10 days | 4 weeks | Liu et al. [84] |
SHED | Root | Rats jaw bone defect | ALP, OCN and BSP expression were up-regulated, dentin and periodontal tissue regeneration | – | 14 days | 8 weeks | Yang et al. [85] |