Fig. 5

CRMV-loaded CS shows remarkable therapeutic effects in alveolar bone regeneration of SD rats after 8 weeks of administration. A Three-dimensional reconstruction images and two-dimensional section graphs of the microcomputed tomography, focusing on the second mandibular molar. Scale bar: 1 mm. B Diagrams of the indexes including bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation and trabecular number. n = 4 per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 (versus the CS + CRMVS). C Representative images of the healing status of alveolar bone in histological observations. (Line 1) Hematoxylin and Eosin staining at 40 × magnification about second mandibular molar at coronal section. The blue dotted boxes represent the original area of defects, and black boxes express the region of interest (ROI). Scale bar: 500 μm. (Line 2) Images of ROI at 60 × magnification. D, Unhealing defects. bCB, buccal cortical bone. BT, bone trabecula. R, tooth root. Scale bar: 500 μm. (Line 3) Representative images of Masson staining within ROI at 60 × magnification. Scale bar: 500 μm. D The sizes of newborn bone were measured, including the healing rate of the center and the number of vessels (over 50 μm in diameter). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 (versus the CS)