Fig. 1

CCL2 expression is highly upregulated in the liver of ALF patients and ALF mice. A The expression levels of various chemokines related to liver inflammation were analyzed by qRT-PCR in the liver of healthy control and ALF patients. The fold change represents the expression of each chemokine in the liver of six ALF patients receiving liver transplantation compared to that in the liver of three healthy donors. B Total tissue lysates of healthy control and ALF patient livers were subjected to Western blot analysis of human CCL2 (hCCL2) protein expression. A representative blot is shown. C Representative anti-hCCL2 IHC staining images of liver tissue sections from healthy control and ALF patients. Scale bar: 100 µm. D The expression levels of various chemokines related to liver inflammation were analyzed by qRT-PCR in the liver of healthy control and ALF mice. The fold change represents the expression of each chemokine in the liver of ALF mice at 24 h after TAA injection compared to that in the liver of healthy control. n = 5 per group. E Total tissue lysates of healthy control and ALF mouse livers were subjected to Western blot analysis to assess mouse CCL2 (mCCL2) protein expression. A representative blot is shown. F Representative IHC images of healthy control and ALF mouse liver tissue sections stained with an anti-mCCL2 antibody. Scale bar: 100 µm. All experiments were repeated at least three times. All data are presented as the mean ± SD