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Fig. 1 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Sequential transplantation of exosomes and mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with a combination of hypoxia and Tongxinluo efficiently facilitates cardiac repair

Fig. 1

Characterization of exosomes derived from MSCs and their therapeutic effects. A Flow cytometry of the cell surface markers of MSCs. B Transmission electron microscopy was used to identify the shape of exosomes. Scale bar = 100 nm. C Nanoparticle tracking analysis was utilized to analyze the particle size of exosomes. D Detection of exosomal protein markers was performed using western blotting. Quantification of TNF-α (E) and IL-6 (F) levels in the peri-infarcted myocardium by ELISA (n = 6). G Quantification of SDF-1 levels on Day 1, Day 3 and Day 7 postinfarction (n = 5). H Distribution of PKH-26-labeled exosomes in the infarcted heart on Day 3 after AMI. Scale bar = 20 μm. Representative images (I) and quantification (J) of apoptotic cells in the peri-infarcted myocardium in the AMI or Exo group on Day3 (n = 4). All data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Student’s t test or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was performed to assess statistical significance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus AMI group

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