Table 3 Clinical efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of COVID-19
From: Clinical efficacy and mechanism of mesenchymal stromal cells in treatment of COVID-19
Authors | Mortality (control/MSC) | Systemic changes and symptoms | CT Imaging | Inflammatory cytokines |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Shu et al | 28-day mortality rate was 10.34% / 0 | Clinical symptoms obviously improved beginning on the third day of stem cell infusion. The time to clinical improvement in the hUC-MSC treatment group was shorter than that in the control group (median, 9.0Â days vs. 14.0Â days) | CT scores, the number of lobes involved, GGO, and consolidation were significantly better than those in the control group | IL-6 and CRP rapidly reduced Lymphocyte count return to normal levels in less time |
Hashemian et al | Five cases died 4–19 days (average: 8 days) after the first cell infusion | The clinical symptoms of most surviving patients improved significantly | In the surviving cases, the shadow area on lung CT was significantly reduced | Pro-inflammatory decreased including IL-8, TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, INF-ɣ Anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4 and IL-10 levels increased |
Meng et al | All 18 patients recovered and were discharged from hospital | In most severe patients, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio improved | The lung lesions were well controlled within 6 days, and completely faded away within 2 weeks after UC-MSCs transfusion | There was a reduced trend in the levels of all these cytokines within 14 days (IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-22, IL-1RA, IL-18, IL-8 and MIP-1) |
Shi et al | NA | 6-min walking distance was longer in the MSC group (median 420.00 m) than in the placebo group (median 403.00 m) oxygen therapy maximum forced VCmax and DLCO, the six-category scale, status of oxygen therapy, and mMRC dyspnea score were similar between the two groups | Total lesion proportion (%) of the whole lung volume as measured by CT were decreased | No significant difference in the subsets of peripheral lymphocyte counts (CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, B cells, NK cells) and plasma markers between the two groups |
Adas et al | Mortality rate was 60%/30% | NA | NA | Serum ferritin, fibrinogen and CRP levels had significantly decreased IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-17A significant decrease No statistically significant decrease in IL-β and TNF-α levels IL-10, IL-13, and IL-1ra levels significant increase MMP-9 and MMP-3 levels were decreased Growth factors TGF-β, VEGF, KGF, and NGF levels were increased |
Xu et al | Mortality rate was 33.33%/7.69% | Average improvement time (8.80 ± 10.77 vs 3.00 ± 3.05. No significant differences in length of stay or ICU days. No significant difference in the incidence of shock or multiple organ failure | One month after MSC infusion, 85.00% patients in the experimental group had improved,50.00% patients in the control group had improved | NA |
Lanzoni et al | Survival was improved in the UC-MSC vs the control group: 91% vs 42%. SAE-free survival was significantly improved in the UC-MSC group | Time to recovery was significantly shorter in the UC-MSC treatment group | NA | GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, TNF-α, TNF-β, PDGF-BB, and RANTES were statistically significant decreases from day 0 to day 6 only in the UC-MSC treatment group |