Fig. 5From: Melatonin enhances osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells by regulating MAPK pathways and promotes the efficiency of bone regeneration in calvarial bone defectsEffects of melatonin (0, 100, 10, and 1 μM) on mineralization of DPSCs at 7 and 14 days after incubation with and without osteogenic differentiation medium. a, c Extracellular calcium deposition was determined with Alizarin red S staining. b, d Extracellular calcium deposition was quantified colorimetrically. Melatonin at 100 μM significantly enhanced mineralization of DPSCs with osteogenic differentiation medium. Scale bar = 100 μm. (GM growth medium, OM osteogenic medium, Mel melatonin) (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01)Back to article page