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Table 9 The application of Stem Cell Vectors

From: Application of stem cells in the repair of intervertebral disc degeneration

Year

Team

Source of stem cells and vectors

Model

Results

2016

Gan et al. [105]

Glucose-gelatin hydrogel scaffold-loaded TGF-β3 + mouse BMSCs

In vitro

BMSCs differentiate into NP cells, ECM gene expression↑

2016

Wu et al. [107]

Self-assembled peptide nanofiber scaffold + rabbit BMSCs + rabbit chondrocytes

Rabbit IDD model

Promote BMSCs differentiating into NP cells, promote BMSCs proliferation and chemotactic migration

2018

Zhang et al. [106]

Microencapsulated rabbit chondrocytes + rabbit BMSCs

Rabbit IDD model

The combination system do not affect the function of BMSCs, COL II and proteoglycan content↑, the repair effect of co-culture group perform better than the original BMSCs group

2018

Zhang et al. [110]

Albumin/heparin nanoparticles loaded with SDF-1α

Rabbit IDD model

Induce IVD regeneration, enhance the homing ability of BMSCs

2018

Zhou et al. [74]

Human ADMSCs loaded in pig acellular NP scaffolds

Rabbit IDD model

ECM↑, the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the combination system are brilliant, ADMSCs differentiate into NP cells

2019

Hussain et al. [51]

Allogeneic sheep BMSCs loaded in acellular high-density collagen gel

Sheep IDD model with AF injured

DHI, Pfirrmann grade, NP area all perform well in 6 weeks, AF and NP tissue improve in histology

2019

Naqvi et al. [104]

Pig BMSCs embedded in alginate microcapsules

Bovine IVD model

ECM↑

2019

Ishiguro et al. [75]

Stent-free tissue engineering structure made by ADMSCs

Rat IDD model without NP

Biomechanical properties are maintained, IVD height maintain, AF and CEPs retain

2020

Choi et al. [109]

WJMSCs loaded in hyaluronic acid-methylcellulose hydrogel system

Rat IDD model

Improve the viability of NP cells, reduce ECM degradation

2021

Kuang et al. [108]

Acellular NP matrix and chitosan hydrogel scaffold + TGF-β3 + NPSCs

In vitro

NPSCs grow better in scaffold group, COL I,COL II and proteoglycan content↑

  1. ADMSCs adipose mesenchymal stem cells, AF annulus fibrosus, BMSCs bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, CEPs cartilaginous endplates, COL I collagen type I, COL II collagen type II, DHI disc height index, ECM extracellular matrix, IDD intervertebral disc degeneration, IVD intervertebral disc, NP nucleus pulposus, NPSCs nucleus pulposus stem cells, SDF stromal cell-derived factor, TGF transforming growth factor, WJMSCs Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells