Fig. 5

Effect of A-EVs on corticosterone-induced ER stress in cortical neurons. A A-EVs restores CORT-induced ER-stress related GPR78, ATF4, and CHOP mRNA levels. ER stress-related mRNAs, GRP78, ATF4, and CHOP, were measured by RT-PCR. B Quantification of GRP78 mRNA level shown. The fold change of GRP78 was normalized to GAPDH. n = 4. C Quantification of ATF4 mRNA level shown. The fold change of ATF4 was normalized to GAPDH. n = 4. D Quantification of CHOP mRNA was analyzed. The fold change of CHOP was normalized to GAPDH. n = 4 E EV ameliorated CORT-induced ER stress in cortical neurons. ER stress-related proteins, GPR78, ATF4 and CHOP, were measured by immunoblot. F Expression of GRP78 was quantified and normalized to β-actin. n = 4 G Expression of ATF4 level is analyzed. The expression of ATF4 was normalized to β-actin. n = 4 H Quantification of CHOP protein level was analyzed. The expression of protein was normalized to β-actin. n = 4 Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA with Bonferroni correction test. Data are shown as relative changes versus controls. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001