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Fig. 7 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 7

From: Exendin-4 and eldecalcitol synergistically promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through M2 macrophages polarization via PI3K/AKT pathway

Fig. 7

Ex-4 and ED-71 synergistically promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through M2 macrophages polarization via PI3K/AKT pathway. Ex-4 and ED-71 synergistically activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to polarize macrophages into M2, thereby producing a large amount of TGF-β1. Subsequently, BMSCs migrate and undergo osteogenic differentiation under the action of TGF-β1. In addition, the combination of these two drugs can synergistically reduce blood glucose levels to indirectly improve diabetic osteoporosis. Ex-4 Exendin-4, ED-71 Eldecalcitol, GLP-1R glucagon like peptide-1 receptor, VDR vitamin D receptor, PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, AKT protein kinase B, TGF-β1 Transforming growth factor-β1, BMSCs bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, ALP alkaline phosphatase, Col I collagen I

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